TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Approval Page ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of Contents v
List of Tables vii
List of Figures viii
List of Abbreviations ix
Abstract x
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION`
1.1 Background to the Study 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 3
1.3 Objectives of the Study 4
1.4 Significance of the Study 4
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Literature Review 5
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
3.1 Theoretical Framework 23
3.2 Hypotheses 32
3.3 Research Design 32
3.4 Method of Data Collection 33
3.5 Method of Data Analysis 34
3.6 Logical Data Framework 35
CHAPTER FOUR:AFRICA’S REGIONAL INTEGRATION AND THE INTRA-AFRICAN TRADE
4.1 Overview of African Regional Integration Agreements 36
4.2 An Overview of Intra-African Trade 1960 – 2009
484.3 Post 2009 Regional Integration in Africa 59
CHAPTER FIVE: DEMOCRATIZATION PROGRAMME OF THE AFRICAN UNION AND THE CHALLENGES OF REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN AFRICA
5.1 AU Democratization Process in Africa from the Constitution Act of the Union 85
5.2 Governance Challenges in Africa and the Role of the African Union 116
5.3 The AU/NEPAD Peer Review Mechanism and the Democratization Process in Africa 127
CHAPTER SIX: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
6.1 Summary 134
6.2 Conclusion 136
6.3 Recommendations 137
BIBLIOGRAPHY
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Logical data framework 35
Table 2: Value of trade within groups in millions of USD and percentage shares of Africa’s trade 54
Table 3: Average per cent share of import sources between 2000 and 2009
Table 4: Regional Integration: Value of Goods Exported within the African
Table 6: Level of regional Integration 74
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Intra-REC exports, 2000 – 2009 (US$ millions) 50
Figure 2: Intra-REC imports, 2000 – 2009 (US$ millions) 50
Figure 3: Overall direction of exports (per cent) 55
Figure 4: Levels of regional economic integration 73
Fig. 5: ECOWAS Trade with Other Regional Trade Blocs for 2007-2011 77
Fig. 6: Intra-ECOWAS Trade as % Total Imports and Exports for Period 2007-2011 77
Figure 7: GDP growth forecasts 60
Fig 8: Economic Growth in Africa and Emerging and Developing Countries,
2010–2016 82
ABBREVIATIONS
AU African Union
AAPAfrica Action Plan
ABR Africa Business Roundtable
ACBF African Capacity Building Foundation
AfDB African Development Bank
ADF African Development Fund
ADLG Autorité de Développement du Liptako–Gourma
AEC African Economic Community
AfT Aid for Trade
AMF African Monetary Fund
APRM African Peer Review Mechanism
ASF African Solidarity Fund
CAADP Comprehensive African Agriculture Development Program
CDP Community Development Program
CET Common External Tariff
CMO Corridor Management Organization
COMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
CPIA Country Policy and Institutional Assessment
CRMA Climate Risks Management and Adaptation
DFID Department for International Development (UK)
EC European Commission
ECCAS Economic Community of Central African States
ECOWAP ECOWAS Common Agricultural Policy
ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States
EPA Economic Partnership Agreement
ETLS External Trade Liberalization Scheme
EU European Union
FDI Foreign Direct Investment
FTA Free Trade Area
GCI Global Competitiveness Index
GDP Gross Domestic Product
IAIM Inter-African Insurance Market
ILO International Labor Organization
ISRT Interstate Road Transit
ITU International Telecommunications Union
IWRM Integrated Water Resource Management
MCLI Maputo Corridor Logistics Initiative
MDG Millennium Development Goals
MTS Medium-Term Strategy
NBA Niger Basin Authority
NCTTA Northern Corridor Transit Transport Authority
NEPAD New Partnership for Africa’s Development
NTB Non-Tariff Barriers
RASCOM Regional African Satellite Communications Organization
REC Regional Economic Community
RIS Regional Integration Strategy
RISP Regional Integration Strategy Paper
RO Regional Operations
SADC Southern African Development Community
SAD Single Administrative Document
SCB Statistical Capacity Building Program
SFCD Strategic Framework for Capacity Development
SPC Special Purpose Company
SSA Sub-Saharan Africa
SWARIP Support to West Africa Regional Integration Program
UK United Kingdom
UN United Nations
UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
UNECA United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
WTO World Trade Organization
IGAD Intergovernmental Authority on Development
ABSTRACT
This paper examines the history of regional integration in Africa, what has motivated it, the different initiatives that African governments have pursued the nature of the integration process, and the current challenges. The study posed two research questions viz did the formation of Africa union (AU) led to increase in the volume of trade and free movement of people and goods among African countries between 2010 and 2016? Secondly did the Democratization Programme of the African Union lead to increase in political integration of AU member states between 2010 and 2016. And proposed two corresponding hypotheses. It anchored its analysis on the theory of federalism and liberal intergovermentalism. Data for the study was gathered and analyzed using the content analysis technique. It found that the formation of organization of Africa Union has not led to increase in the volume of trade and free movement of people and goods among African countries between 2010 and 2016 but that the implementation of the AU good governance and democratic principles has somewhat enhanced democratization in many African countries. Regional integration is seen as a rational response to the difficulties faced by a continent with many small national markets and landlocked countries. As a result, African governments have concluded a very large number of regional integration arrangements, several of which have significant membership overlap. While characterized by ambitious targets, they have a dismally poor implementation record. The quest for regional integration in Africa has seen the transformation of the continent’s premier umbrella organisation, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) into the African Union (AU). In spite of that transformation however, skeptics have continued to express doubt about the capability of the new organization to achieve improved regional integration. Whereas a number of studies have attempted an assessment of the performance of the AU in this regard, such studies have been by no means exhaustive. The current effort therefore aims to contribute to the earlier efforts in order to enhance understanding of the subject matter. Numbers of recommendations of how AU can help achieve meaningful integration and also consolidate on the gains made in the democratization project in Africa were made.
Keywords: African union, democratization, regional integration, nongovernmental, Federalism, economic diversification