CHEMISTRY OF SULFUR AND THEIR COMPOUNDS  

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page    –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        i

Certification         –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        ii

Dedication            –        –        –        –        –        –        –        iii

Acknowledgements        –        –        –        –        –        –        iv

Table of contents  –        –        –        –        –        –        –        vi

CHAPTER ONE

1.  INTRODUCTION       –        –        –        –        –        –        1

CHAPTER TWO

• HISTORY OF SULFUR
  • Production of Sulfur
  • Chemistry of Sulfur
    • Allotropes
    • Polycations and polyanions
    • Sulfides
    • Oxides, Oxoacids and Oxanions
    • Halides and oxhalides
    • Metal Sulfides

CHAPTER THREE

•  BIOLOGICAL ROLE OF SULFUR
  • Application of Sulfur
    •  Fertilizer
    • Fine Chemicals
    • Pharmaceutical
    • Furniture
    • Fungicide and Pesticide
    • Sulfuric Acid

CHAPTER FOUR

•  SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
  • Summary
  • Conclusion

References

CHAPTER ONE

1. INTRODUCTION

Sulfur (in British English: sulphur) is a chemical element with the symbol S and atomic number 16. It is abundant, multivalent and nonmetallic. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with a chemical formula S₈. Elemental sulfur is a bright yellow, crystalline solid at room temperature. Sulfur is the tenth most common element by mass in the universe, and the fifth most common on Earth. Though sometimes found in pure, native form, sulfur on Earth usually occurs as sulfide and sulfate minerals. Being abundant in native form, sulfur was known in ancient times, being mentioned for its uses in ancient India, ancient Greece, China, and Egypt. Historically and in literature sulfur is also called brimstone, (Greenwood and Earnshaw, 2001) which means “burning stone” (Chisholm, 2000). Today, almost all elemental sulfur is produced as a byproduct of removing sulfur-containing contaminants from natural gas and petroleum.

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