L’INFLUENCE DE LA CIVILISATION EUROPEENNE SUR L’IDENTITE CULTURELLE AFRICAINE : LE CAS DE BATIMENT A IBADAN AU NIGERIA ET A COTONOU AU BENIN
SOMMAIRE
APPROBATION ii
DEDICACE iii REMERCIMENT iv
SOMMAIRE vi INTRODUCTION ix
CHAPITRE 1 1
1. LE BATIMENT EN GENERAL 1
1.2 GROUPE DES BATIMENTS 4
1.2.1 BATIMENTS RESIDENTIELS 4
1.2.2 BATIMENTS COMMERCIAUX 5
1.2.3 BATIMENTS RELIGIEUX 6
1.2.4. BATIMENTS EDUCATIFS 7
1.2.5 BATIMENTS INDUSTRIELS
1.3. HISTORIQUE DE BATIMENT D’IBADAN 9
1.4. HISTORIQUE DE BATIMENT DE COTONOU 17
CHAPITRE 2 22
2.1 LES FACTEURS QUI INFLUENT LA CONSTRUCTION
DES BATIMENTS 22
2.1.2 LE CLIMAT 23
2.2.3 LA CULTURE 24
2.2.4 LA CAPACITE FINANCIERE 27
2.2.5 LES NOUVELLES TENDANCES DE LA VIE 28
CHAPITRE 3 30
3.1 L’INFLUENCE DU BATIMENT EUROPEEN SUR CELUI D’IBADAN. 30
3.2 L’INFLUENCE DU BATIMENT EUROPEEN
3.3. 1 MATERIAUX 41
3.3.2 TECHNIQUES 43
3.3.3 GRANDEUR/ STYLE 44
3.3.4 DURABILITIE 45
3.3.4 PLANIFICATION URBAINE 46
3.4. FACTEURS QUI FACILITENT L’INFLUENCE
EUROPEENNE SUR LES BATIMENTS AFRICAINS 49
3.4.1 LE COMMERCE 49
3.4.2 COLONISATION 50
3.4.3 LA RELIGION 52
3.4.4. L’EDUCATION 53
CONCLUSION 55
BIBLIOGRAPHIE 57
SITOGRAPHIE
INTRODUCTION
Toute communauté humaine possède certainement un héritage comme son identité par laquelle elle est reconnue. On ne peut nier que le bâtiment est une de ces identités. Selon le dictionnaire Le petit Larousse (2006) Grand Format, le bâtiment est considéré comme « Toute construction destinée à servir d’abri
et à isoler» Les structures et les styles des bâtiments africains sont entièrement diérents de ceux européens parce que ces continents possèdent des héritages culturels très diérents.
Mais en Afrique, il y a beaucoup de pays colonisés par les Européens qui ont eu l’indépendance aujourd’hui. Ces activités coloniales ont beaucoup d’influences sur la vie africaine. Les traces de ces influences sont bien indiquées à travers les bâtiments européens et ceux africains. L’objectif de ce mémoire est donc pour montrer l’influence de la civilisation européenne sur le continent noir en utilisant les bâtiments d’Ibadan au Nigeria et de Cotonou au Benin comme des cas. Ce mémoire nous révèle un horizon sur les influences des bâtiments européens sur ceux d’Afrique. Ce mémoire est divisé en trois chapitres. Dans le premier chapitre, nous avons fait une exposition détaillée sur le concept du bâtiment et l’historique du bâtiment à Ibadan au Nigeria et celle à Cotonou au Benin.
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