THE EFFECT OF COMBINES LEAD AND DI-2-ETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE EXPOSURE ON BRAIN, HEPATIC & RENAL CA2+/MG2+ AND TOTAL ATPASE ACTIVITIES IN THE BRAIN, LIVER, KIDNEY OF MALE ALBINO RATS
Abstract
Lead and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) are environmentally ubiquitous and epidemiologically important toxic agents that millions of people are currently exposed to, worldwide. Although the adverse impact due to exposure to either lead or DEHP are documented, the toxicological effects of co-exposure to these agents are largely unknown. In this study, exposure to these chemicals was investigated for their effects on ATPase activities in the brain, liver and kidney of rats. Male Wistar rats were exposed daily to 100 mg L-1 lead via drinking water and to 100 mg DEHP kg-1 body weight in corn oil either individually or concurrently for 30 days. Toxicity was assessed by evaluating changes in body and organ weights, as well as, Na+/K+-, Ca2+-, Mg2+– and total ATPase activities in the brain, liver and kidney. Exposure to either lead or DEHP resulted in drastic reduction in activities of the enzymes in the compartments investigated, except in the brain where Na+/K+– and Mg2+– ATPases had their activities significantly increased. Also, DEHP displayed no effect on the total ATPase and Ca2+ ATPase in the kidney and brain, respectively. Interestingly, co-exposure to these toxicants significantly stimulated the activities of all these enzymes in the brain. In this compartment, combined treatment resulted in an additive interaction between the toxicants and a potentiation effect of lead on DEHP with regards to the Na+/K+– ATPase activity and Ca2+– ATPase activity, respectively. Our findings demonstrate tissue specific response to combined lead and DEHP exposure in rats with the effect on the brain significantly different from other compartments.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
Statement of problem
Objective of the study
Significance of the study
Scope of the study
CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW
ATpases Activities of living organism
Exposure to phthalates
Routes of exposure to phthalates
Assessing human exposure to phthalates
Exposure to lead
Effect on The nervous system
Assessing Human Exposure To Lead
CHAPTER THREE MATERIALS AND METHODS
Chemicals
Experimental design
Biochemical analyses
Statistical analysis
CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Result
Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Conclusion
Recommendations
REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Living system needs a continuous input of energy for building up and maintenance of its organization. The energy rich compounds are stored as ATP and its derivatives in a biosystem (Lehninger, 1984). ATPases represent a complex enzyme system which has requirement for Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+ and K+ ions for their activity. They are not only responsible for asymmetric distribution of Na+ and K+ ions across the cell membranae but also in junction with other transport proteins, mediate the bulk movement of ions and fluids in a variety of tissues. The enzymes Na+ /K+ ATPases and Mg2+ ATPases have a relatively high sensitivity to certain classes of heavy metals and other pollutants. It has been observed that toxicosis from pollutants may develop primarily from ATPases inhibition. Therefore the present study was designed to determine the aluminium acetate induced alterations in total ATPase activity in different tissues of albino mice
Leave a Reply
You must be logged in to post a comment.