Abstract
The work begins by identifying the major problems Nigeria democratic governance from the colonial to civilian military. It highlights some of these problems to include political rigging, voters initiation, political killings incessant assassination of individual(s) lives, appointment of mediocre over government affairs, politics of Godfathers, crude and money politics, lack of education and untimely arrival of electoral boxed and materials to each polling centers and units, poor condition of lives and property. It agrees that good governance can only be achieved with democratic principles. As a form of recommendation, the work state for the democratic principle to be enshrined and effectively practiced in Nigeria, all stake holders e.g. politicians, voters, the military, electoral commission, tribunals the court non-governmental organizations (N G O’s) civilizing common objective.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Approval page ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of content vi
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 introduction 1
1.1 background of the study 1
1.2 statement of the problem 3
1.3 Objective of the study 5
1.4 Research question 5
1.5 Statement of hypothesis 5
1.6 Significance of the study 6
1.7 Scope of the study 6
1.8 Limitation of the study 7
1.9 Definition of terms 8
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review 10
2.1 Introduction 10
2.2 Politics and governance in pre-colonial Hausa and
Fulani tribes 10
2.3 Politics and Governance in pre-colonial Yoruba
tribes 11
2.4 Politics and governance in pre-colonial 1960 tribes 12
2.5 Nigeria political development during colonial Era. 13
2.6 The British direct system of leadership 14
2.7 Factors that contributed to the failure of direct
rule in Nigeria 14
2.8 The British indirect rule system in Nigeria 15
2.9 Post colonial Era in Nigeria first republic
administration 17
2.10 Military rule in Nigeria from 1966-1975 19
2.11 Civilian transitional government in the second
Republic of Nigeria 21
2.12 Military rule in Nigeria from 1983-1998 22
2.13 Civilian transition in Nigeria from 1999 23
2.14 The challenges facing Nigeria democratic governance
from 199, 29th may 2007 till 2011 25
2.15 The needs for enhancing democratic governance
in Nigeria 28
2.16 Causes of electoral fraud in 2007 till 2011 Nigeria
general election 30
2.17 Agents of electoral fraud in 2007 till 2011 general
Electoral 31
2.18 Ways of enhancing democratic election in Nigeria 33
Reference 43
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research design and method 47
3.1 Introduction 47
3.2 Research design 47
3.3 Sources and method of data collection 47
3.4 Population and sampling size 48
3.5 Sample techniques 48
3.6 Validity and reliability of measuring instrument 49
3.7 Method of data analysis 49
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 presentation and analysis of data 51
4.1 Introduction 51
4.2 presentation of data 51
4.3 Analysis of data 52
4.4 Test of hypothesis 61
4.5 Interpretation of result 63
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Summary, conclusion and recommendation 65
5.1 Introduction 65
5.2 Summary of findings 65
5.3 Conclusion 66
5.4 Recommendation 67
References 70
Appendix 1
Appendix II
Questionnaire
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Nigeria is a federated state with multi famous and multiplicity of ethnic groups whose norms and societal values varies in a book titled Authority in government: Nigeria and world politics, Nwankwo (1992) opined that a federated state is that type of government system where authority and power are shared (exclusively, concurrently and residually). Between two (2) levels of government namely, the central (national) government and component states government.
Nigeria as the name implies is the epitome structure of the British colonies starting from 1914 amalgamation of the Northern and Southern protectorate into one legislative council till 1960 when Nigeria gained its political independence and up till today. Through, the system is not that development oriented on the host country rather, for Europeans economic exploitative purpose.
In other words, the Nigeria effects to ensure development and good governance was masterminded on the constitutional conference held at London on may 10th and ended on 19th, 1960. It was as this confab that Nigeria elites sent a communiqué on issues discussed to the common wealth which on the other hand lead to Nigeria independence on 1st October, 1960
Historically, it was quite clear that since inception of leadership on 1st October 1960 till 2007 and general election, democratic governance of Nigeria has been in a like-up for instance, Nigeria has experienced a lot of pitfalls like insecurity of individual lives, incessant assassination, religious rivalries, bribery and corruptions abuse of power, trust position, politics of Godfathers, appointment of mediocrity in piloting public affairs, Falsification of electoral results by INEC officers, intimidation of voter etc. also, the administration till data, has not ensured a notable achievement in the country due to no emerged government had established effective ways of checkmating the public officers in piloting the public affairs.
It was therefore noted that, Nigeria since 1960 till data has experienced Nine (9) military plotted coups, which ruin the democratic governance of the country. The worse is that, the exercise does not significantly altered the structure of Nigeria national development or provide panacea for the stoppage of electoral malpractices.
However, this research work is aimed at examining fulgamental ways through which democratic governance can be enhanced in Nigeria with the view of free and fair election.
- STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
It has always be argued that there has never been any free and fair election in the history of Nigeria elections of which that of 2007 and 2011 was inclusive for example, four (4) successful elections-federal election crisis 1964, Western Nigeria election 1965 General election riggings 1983, and unsuccessful implementation of the transition programme June 12, 1993 presidential election. More so, there was an opinion that the election was engulfed with political turmoil, incessant assassination of lives and properties, Godfather politics, insecurity of ballot boxes to be filled with ballot papers by party faithfully, falsification of electoral results by the INEC officers, lateness in arrival of ballot elections materials to different poling centers and voters, intimidations during voting process. the political killings of Nigerians for instance, the killing of Chief Anthony Olufunso Williams, PDP state governorship aspirants in Lagos State, Dr Ayodji Daramola PDP state governorship aspirant in Ekiti State, and among others.
Although the tribunal is set –up under electoral Act to adjudicate over vote rigging and other electional malpractice in the country but the fact is that, sentiments and personal prejudices often occur in their verdicts beyond the tribunal verdicts the court (Appllate court) may quash the judgment passed by the tribunal in favour of a particular party. Thus when such verdicts are passed, it may lead to state of anarchy and mistrust on the government by the masses.
In addition, any administration whose election is not free and fair, as experience had shown, the democratic governance of regime will generally lead to:
- No sentiment of popular consent and participation in public affairs. The people feel that they have not been consulted, and have not indicated their wishes in the board field of national policy and are therefore, not willing to accept the legitimacy of the power exercise by the electoral system.
- It will also be impossible for one government to succeed another in an orderly manner if it occurs, it must be with violence or bloodshed.
- It leads to irresponsibility of the government to the people politicians dare become too out of touch with public opinion.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
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