INVESTIGATION INTO THE PROBLEM FACING THE MARKETING OF POULTRY EGG PRODUCTION . A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

INVESTIGATION INTO THE PROBLEM FACING THE MARKETING OF POULTRY EGG PRODUCTION . A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

ABSTRACT

The need to identify the problems facing the marketing of poultry eff in Oredo Local government Area of Edo State with a view to making appropriate suggestions towards its improvement necessitate this study. The investigation was conducted between December, 2011 to May, 2012 using ten randomly selected wards, questionnaires were administered to 4 (Four) poultry used to analyze that information received. Analysis of data indicates a very bright and future prospect for the marketing of poultry products in the local government areas. Problems of inadequate qualified personnel, diseases, lack of good road and transportation, high cost of feeds, lack of finance to start commercial poultry business, lack of good education such which leads to modern system of poultry production were identified as the major obstacles to the growth of marketing poultry products in the area. Consequently, intensification of extension service, provision of subsidies for good breeds of birds establishment of a ventinary clinic provision of transportation etc. are strongly recommended to save the poultry markets from imminent collapse in the area of study.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Poultry refers to all domesticated birds kept for meat and eggs production. Eggs and poultry meat are produced primarily for food consumption. Eggs are also used in various food industries like the manufacturing of confectionary (i.e. sweet chocolate cakes etc.). They are also used for the manufacturing of cosmetics of infection diseases while the feathers may be used for making pillows and mattresses. Some species of poultry are suitable for genetic nutritional and physiological studies because of their relatively low cost of maintenance, proliferation (a rapid growth or increase in numbers) and short generation intervals. In the earlier time, the keeping of poultry were not being considered as a major occupation; that is birds were kept to obtain some money and in most cases for pleasure and pastime cock figliting. In some areas or communities, fowls are still used in the past as a means of knowing what times of day, most especially the cock (i.e. male fowl). Poultry farming started those days when our local farmers used the old and extensive method in keeping fowls, goats, sheep, pig and other related domestic animals proved that the poultry section was a profitable venture too. Gradually, poultry keeping developed into a commercial enterprise involving thousands of birds, large poultry units, replace small ones while more efficient strains of birds, balanced feeds, intensive housing and better poultry equipment come into use. All these industrialized system of keeping poultry birds in a recent development in Edo state as in most humid tropical countries.

 

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INVESTIGATION INTO THE PROBLEM FACING THE MARKETING OF POULTRY EGG PRODUCTION . A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

THE LEVEL OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN THE CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES IN AKAMPKA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, CROSS RIVER STATE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

THE LEVEL OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN THE CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES IN AKAMPKA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, CROSS RIVER STATE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1    Background of the Study

Conservation practices all over the world are changing from the traditional management approach with emphasis on managing natural resources in a way that ensures greater flow to all stakeholders especially local communities. The shift in emphasis is informed by the fact that the local communities are inextricably tied to their cultural resources based whether used as a source of food, medicine, fuel or for maintaining ecological balance (Bisong, 2001) Thus, Sustainable management of natural resources requires a more comprehensive approach which include strengthening the organization and technical capabilities of rural communities, as well as engendering support for sustainable resources use from larger community group (Food and Agricultural Organization, 2005).

The rapid loss of natural resources in developing countries has become a subject of increasing international and National Concern. This is reflected in the substantial increase in the interest accorded to environmental conservation by various governments, donors and conservation agencies. The level of interest in conservation as an environmental and   development problem requires practical action (Flint, 1990). the justification for community participation in natural resources conservation as viewed by International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) 1990 provides that human culture must be based on a respect for nature and that the present generation have a social responsibility to conserved Nature for the welfare of future generation. The view recognizes that mankind is part of nature and that all species have an inherent right to exist regardless of their materials value to humans.

In recent times, the development communities in African have moved from “top-down” approach towards more participatory “bottom up” approaches. The shift in paradigm has occurred in recognition of the fact that local cooperation, participation and management are crucial to achieving both short term development result and long-term sustainability. Along the same lines, the conservation community is beginning to appreciate the necessity of incorporating local participating in environmental conservation Efforts. (Bamberger 1986).

The development, community participation may be viewed as a process that serves as instrument of empowerment, building beneficiary capacity, increase effectiveness desire to share cost, improve efficiency in relation to project (Paul, 1987).

 

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THE LEVEL OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN THE CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES IN AKAMPKA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, CROSS RIVER STATE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

THE REASONS FOR LOW PRODUCTION OF RUBBER IN EDO STATE A CASE STUDY OF OWAN WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, EDO STATE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

THE REASONS FOR LOW PRODUCTION OF RUBBER IN EDO STATE A CASE STUDY OF OWAN WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, EDO STATE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

ABSTRACT

This research study was undertaken with a view to assessing the veracity of low production of rubber in Owan West LGA, Edo State. Several factors were identified as causes of this trend; such as lack of capital, use of old plantations, unavailability of land, price of latex etc. a questionnaires approach was used to obtain data from the farmers in Owan West LGA of Edo State. This was subjected to analysis based on stipulated hypothesis drawn from the questionnaires. The result of this analysis showed that lack of capital was not responsible for low production of rubber in Owan West LGA. Also, market prices of rubber products had no effect on low rubber production. However, government policies were identified as a cause of low production of rubber in Owan West LGA. Therefore, the government should promulgate policies that will encourage rubber production in Owan West LGA and Nigeria.

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.1             INTRODUCTION

Rubber plant (Hevea Brasiliensis) was introduced from Brazil to Nigeria around 1895. It is a variety of plant of the genus Hevea (euphorbiaceae) family, native to Brazil. It commonly known as the rubber tree rubber is an important cash crop which contributed sustainably to the Nigerian economy prior to the oil boom. (Aghimien, 1997).

In recent years, there has been a drastic reduction in rubber production in Nigeria. A total of 207,500 which represented 86.0% of the country’s land area under rubber cultivation on small holdings in 1966, declined to 147,200 hectares in 1980. Recent field surveys showed that more than two thousand of the small holding has been lost to other crop.

Presently, rubber production in Nigeria has decreased and the rubber industries have continued to fold-up (Agra, 1986).

1.2             BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Natural rubber performed three main functions in the Nigerian economy; firstly it provided some of the foreign exchange and placed Nigeria in the world map as an exporter of rubber products. Lastly it provided employment for a sizeable segment of the rural populace. The situation in Nigeria presently pretends a drift from beings a major exporter of rubber products into becoming a net importer in the nearest future. The important question or issue is what are the reasons for the observed down turn or reduction in productivity of rubber, especially I Owan West LGA of Edo State.

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THE REASONS FOR LOW PRODUCTION OF RUBBER IN EDO STATE A CASE STUDY OF OWAN WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, EDO STATE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECT OF REARING POULTRY IN IKPOBA OKHA L. G. A. EDO STATE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECT OF REARING POULTRY IN IKPOBA OKHA L. G. A. EDO STATE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

ABSTRACT

Poultry production has in no small way helped to develop- the community and people of Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area, mostly in Idogbo the local government headquarters. This study however, examined the prospects and equally analysed the problems and finally came to a conclusion that with the various findings which include the outbreak of various diseases, inadequate capital and finance, and the increasing nature of the cost of poultry feed jointly hinder the progress of poultry production in Idogbo the headquarters of Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area.

  Also discovered was the attitude of youths towards farming in the area. However, in this project useful recommendations and solutions have been proffered from the result of the study.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1         BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Poultry generally is referred to all domestic birds raised by man for the production of eggs, meat and other benefits for human consumption. The domestic birds include fowl ducks, turkey, guinea fowl and geese., poultry products have been found to have the highest protein concentrate of about 20.5% relative to others success of protein (animals) and has the shortest production cycle of all animals.

Production cycle involves all the activities in the rearing of livestock from day old to maturity. For example, to achieve a ten-fold increase in the body weight in relation to weight at bird, Williamson and Payne (1978) outlined that it takes 25 days in broiler, 48 days in piglets, 250 days in caves and 170 days in sheep.

The rearing of pigs, cattle’s and goats however requires extensive kind more than poultry where more units of production can be achieved from a given space compared to the farmer. These advantages are perhaps the cause of a higher turnover in poultry production at reasonably short period of time in this work more emphasis shall be made specifically to the domestic fowl, which are the major birds for commercial and nutritional importance in Ikpoba Okha Local Government of Edo State.  Poultry rearing have been in practice in Ikpoba Okha for a long time. The traditional motive varies from hobby to the use of fowl and eggs as food. Apart from the important roles that the fowl play in the traditional workshop of duties in many parts of the states, some communities use it as gift to their neighbours in appreciation of a good deed and as a mark of solidarity.

 

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PROBLEMS AND PROSPECT OF REARING POULTRY IN IKPOBA OKHA L. G. A. EDO STATE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

THE ROLE OF AGRICULTURE IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF EDO STATE A CASE STUDY OF OREDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

THE ROLE OF AGRICULTURE IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF EDO STATE A CASE STUDY OF OREDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this research is to identify the role of agriculture in the economic development of Edo State: a case study of Oredo Local Government Area. Chapter one consists of the introduction aspect of the project. Chapter two comprises of the review of literature including the problem faced by the farmers of Oredo Local Government Area. Chapter three is the research methodology where data was obtained mainly from available published materials and this constitutes the secondary source data. The primary source includes the use of questionnaires administered to the farmers. Chapter four, the information collected were tabulated and analyzed. Finally some recommendations were made to the government for finding solutions to the problems facing agriculture in the economic development of Edo State. It is hoped that if the recommendation are properly implemented it will go along way in eliminating or reducing the problem facing agriculture in Edo State.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

From the immemorial, Oredo Local Government Area is mainly an old economy. Large number of people engages themselves in agriculture for food and income in other to increase their standard of living. Agricultural sector is the earliest occupation of the economy in the history of mankind. Therefore following the trace of the history of agriculture it is obvious that agriculture started from when man stung from place to place gathering ruffle and animals to satisfy his immediate needs. As at that time man had three (3) basic necessities in life, these are matter, air and food has to be provided by man himself. Man at first feed himself on edible roots, small animals which he caught later on, due to the advent of urbanization, man gradually learnt a primitive way of planting, cultivating and harvesting crops and rearing of animal for food as well as for hunger, for clothing and shelter.

Agriculture later developed to such on extent that the role cannot be over stressed from the rural way of farming, it move a step further to involve the use of agricultural mechanism. But it is natural that the people of Oredo Local government Area of Edo State still use primitive and crude implements for farming because of the protection of lack of capital, low level of education, lack of infrastructure and so on.

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THE ROLE OF AGRICULTURE IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF EDO STATE A CASE STUDY OF OREDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

A STUDY OF THE PROBLEMS FACING THE MARKETING OF POULTRY PRODUCT IN EGOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA IN EDO STATE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

A STUDY OF THE PROBLEMS FACING THE MARKETING OF POULTRY PRODUCT IN EGOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA IN EDO STATE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to investigate problem problems facing the marketing of poultry product in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State four research questions formulated and analyzed. The respondents were made up of poultry farmers who were into selling of poultry product in Edo State.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

          Poultry is the name used to describe the domesticated birds. They produce meat and eggs used as food. The common types of poultry are fowl or chicken, duck, guinea fowl, turkey, and geese. Fowl chicken is the most common type of poultry in Nigeria. It is eaten by people that practice traditional religion, Christians and Muslims. Poultry birds are suitable for scientific studies because of their rapid growth the egg are important in industries for the manufacturing of cosmetic soap and shampoo etc. as well as for producing vaccines. Egg may also be used in baking industries to prepare snacks as egg roll, sausage roll, cake etc. different types of fowl are kept by farmer. They include the:

1.     Native fowl

2.     Rhade Island Red (RIR)

3.     Plymouth Rock

4.     Harco

5.     White and Brown Leghorn

6.     light Sussex

The native fowl is mainly kept by farmers in the rural areas. The other types are foreign fowl and are reared by modern and big poultry farmers. The chicken kept for the production of meat is called boilers while the one kept for egg production is called layers. The dual purpose chicken produces both meat and egg. The adult male fowl is known as cocks and the adult female fowl as hen. The young one of fowl is called chicks the cock that had been castrated or has its testes remove is known as capon. Those fowls (both hen and cock) reared for the production of hatched egg is called parents stocks.

 

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A STUDY OF THE PROBLEMS FACING THE MARKETING OF POULTRY PRODUCT IN EGOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA IN EDO STATE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

FARM POWER SOURCES AND UTILIZATION IN ENUGU STATE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

FARM POWER SOURCES AND UTILIZATION IN ENUGU STATE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

ABSTRACT

       Evaluation of power sources helps to know the power available for agricultural.  Thesis necessary to know, because power input to agriculture affects the volume of agricultural production.  In view of this, the farm power sources available in Igbo-Etiti Local Government Area of Enugu State were evaluated and it was found that human power internal combustion and energy from the sun were available.

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0  INTRODUCTION

1.1  BACKGROUND OF STUDY

Power is required to develop and execute the activities involved in agricultural production.  In every part of the world power supply is almost directly proportional to agricultural production.

In view of the above facts, an appraisal of farm power sources available to Igbo-Etiti Local Government Area of Enugu State was nursed.  An articulated evaluation will help to highlight power needs of agricultural activities that will lead to improved food and fibre production.

1.2  STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

       Very little or no work had been earlier on this study in the local government area, thus documentation on farm power sources and utilization in the local government area has been minimal.  This study therefore attempts to solve this problem by identifying, analyzing and appraising.  The various sources of farm power available and how they are put to use in Igbo-Etiti Local Government Area of Enugu State.

1.3  OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

    This work has the objective of providing valid in formation on the different farm power sources available in Igbo-Etiti Local Government Area of Enugu State.

Secondly, to make known the best possible way of utilizing or applying available power.

Thirdly, it is meant to help determine the best application of available power in Igbo-Etiti Local Government Area of Enugu State at a minimal cost.

The study wills also increasing agricultural production along side with the processing of agricultural produce through the efficient utilization of available power.

1.4  JUSTIFICATION OF STUDY

i.     To determine the amount of energy available from the various farm power sources with a view to suggesting ways of improvement.

ii.    To identify the stages agricultural or other human activities where the farm sources are mostly utilized and to prepared ground for further research.

 

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FARM POWER SOURCES AND UTILIZATION IN ENUGU STATE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

THE PROCESS OF CANDLE PRODUCTION FROM THE COMPOSITION OF CANDLE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

THE PROCESS OF CANDLE PRODUCTION FROM THE COMPOSITION OF CANDLE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

ABSTRACT

This research relates to a candle composition containing non-hydrogenated oil and at least one of long chain hydrocarbon and long-chain hydrocarbon derivatives. A candle composition having non-hydrogenated oil and a solidifying amount of congealing reagent. A candle composition having paraffin, non-hydrogenated oil, and a solidifying amount of a congealing reagent comprising petroleum, oxidized petrolatum oxidized long-chain hydrocarbons, or modified hydrocarbons. A process for making a candle composition is also provided, the process comprising mixing together a non hydrogenated oil and a congealing amount of a congealing reagent, heating mixture to a temperature of 75-900C, preferably 75-800C, the cooling the mixture and pouring into a container.

The study also carried out the standard procedure that results in the production of candle from the composition of candle. This article gives an overview and description of the raw materials and additives that are used for the manufacturing of candle and explains t he combustion process in the candle flames. Starting with the definition and classification of candles the criteria are presented which are crucial for the safe handling of candles i.e. ensuring they are harmless in relation to both people and the environment. The structure and content of a proposed European quality standard for candle are derived from these criteria.

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.1         INTRODUCTION

One of the most universal articles used as a source of light and for their aesthetic appeal, which can be used to read, work, in households and industries, and used for prayer at alters, shrines and temples is known as candle. Candle is a round stick of wax with a wig through it, which is lit to give light as it burn. Oxford Advanced learner’s dictionary Fourth Edition (1989). There are many types of candles based on the production and the composition formulation from which the candle is made (or the materials you use).

Candles can be manufactured in a small scale or larger scale. The small-scale process can be done either at home or laboratory, following while the large-scale process is produced in industrial and companies the scientific and technical process. The method of making a candle product can be quite interesting if done with the knowledge and adequate skills which a students I a higher institution of learning should be able to accomplish.

Candles have accomplished mankind for more than 2000 years. Besides their liturgical relevance, candles were predominantly used as a source of light and in the early history of the candle are the effects to improve its quality. Beeswax candles had been developed by the Romans to such an extent that by approximately the middle of the second century A. D. they could be burnt in a closed room without sooting annoyingly or excessively beeswax candles showed significant advantages when compared to tallow candles. The latter had a rancid odour and smoked and sooted whilst burning.

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THE PROCESS OF CANDLE PRODUCTION FROM THE COMPOSITION OF CANDLE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

THE IMPORTANCE OF FISH PRODUCTION AND ITS MARKETING VALUE IN UGHELLI NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OF DELTA STATE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

THE IMPORTANCE OF FISH PRODUCTION AND ITS MARKETING VALUE IN UGHELLI NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OF DELTA STATE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

ABSTRACT

The importance of fish production and marketing value of fish production in Ughilli North East Local Government Area of Delta State. Fishery industry in Ughelli North East Local Government were randomly selected to find out the importance of fishing.

Questionnaires methods and oral interview were used in collection of data. Questionnaires were send out to people in fisheries industry to answer. The study review the importance of fish production industries, in the area of study include financial problem, inadequate pond for housing these fishes, and the marketing value.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Although there are thousand of years of experience supporting aquaculture in and other countries, it is relatively young industry in the United States. It is also one of the fastest growing segments of animae agriculture. Aquaculture output has grown at a rate of more than 10% for captured fishers and 3% for livestock meat production (FAO, 2000) while only 13 million tons of fish were produced in North American in 1990, there were over 31 million tons produced in 1998. Concurrently, the value of this production doubled from 490 million to nearly 81 billion (USAA, 1998).

Human consumption of fish and related foods is increasing each year. Demand for fish products is greater than the ability of the oceans to supply them. A reduction in wild –caught fish coupled with increased consumption by American consumers has led to increased profitability, improvement in technology required for captive production, and a rapid expansion of farmed aquatic specie. As a result aquaculture is becoming a major alternatives crop globally and in many areas of the United States illustrates the increasing percentage of the total world fish production supplied by aquaculture in relation to the oceanic catch. Because the oceanic fish is no longer increasing significantly, additional production depends on growing more fish through aquaculture.

 

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THE IMPORTANCE OF FISH PRODUCTION AND ITS MARKETING VALUE IN UGHELLI NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OF DELTA STATE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY IN FOOD CROP PRODUCTION IN UHUNMWODE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE, NIGERIA. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY IN FOOD CROP PRODUCTION IN UHUNMWODE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE, NIGERIA. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

ABSTRACT

This project is based on the technical efficiency in food crops production in Uhunmwode Local Government Area of Edo State. Data were collected from fifty food crops production farmers to ascertain the effectiveness and enhancement of technical efficiency in food crops production. The result showed that family labour, hired labour and material input were the prime factors responsible for the change in output of food crops production. A range of technical efficiency was observed across the sampled farms. The best farm has technical efficiency of 40%while the worse farm has a technical efficiency of 10%. This was attributed to the improper usefulness of available resources. At this juncture, the researcher recommended that government should implement policies and programmes that are favourable to farmers or enhanced technical efficiency of food crops production.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUTION

BACKGROUND OF STUDY

Food consumption accounts for a larger percentage of household expenditure in Nigeria. It was estimated that about 50% of the total expenditure of house hold in Nigeria in 1994 was on food consumption but this figure increased to about 72% in 1995.

An increased in population figure especially in the urban centres exert more pressure on demand for food consumption by the populace. In other words, an increase in population will eventually lead to an increased in demand for food consumption.

In view of this assertion, farmers will need to improve more or exploit more of their potentials in food production so that output could be maximized to meet the ever growing demand for food by the increasing population in Nigeria. The federal ministry of agriculture (200) estimated that the annual food supply would have to increase at an average annual rate of 59 percent to meet food demand and reduce food importation.

Studies conducted have shown that aggregate food production has been growing at about 2.5% per annum in recent years in Nigeria, but the annual rate of population has been on the high side up to the tune of 2.9%(Olayemi, 2002). The implication is that Nigeria as a country has not been able to be independent relation to food production despite the increasing resource being shifted into food production annually.

It is anticipated that demand for food will continue to grow in developing countries (e.g Nigeria). Because global demand for food per person is below the expected and has lead to food shortage or food insufficient in these countries (Fergie et al 2008).

Nigeria farmers have tried to increase food production to meet the ever growing population in two ways:

 

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TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY IN FOOD CROP PRODUCTION IN UHUNMWODE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE, NIGERIA. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

THE PROBLEMS AND PROSPECT OF POULTRY MARKETING AND PRODUCTION A CASE STUDY OF ORHIONMWON LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA,. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

THE PROBLEMS AND PROSPECT OF POULTRY MARKETING AND PRODUCTION A CASE STUDY OF ORHIONMWON LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA,. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to investigate problem and prospect facing the marketing of poultry product in Orhionmwon Local Government Area of Edo State four research questions formulated and analyzed. The respondents were made up of poultry farmers who were into selling of poultry product like eggs, chicken and turkey in Orhionmwon Local Government Area. All the respondents were randomly selected from the three main markets in Orhionmwon Local Government Area and seven poultry farmers also within Orhionmwon Local Government Area. One set of instrument was used in collecting data for the study i.e. questionnaires. The data collected from the respondents were analyzed using simple percentages from the analysis of data, the following were the findings.

1.            Transportation contributes greatly to the overall cost and there by reduces profit margin.

2.            Finance contribute one of the major problem

3.            Storage is one of the problems posing the production and marketing of poultry products

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Poultry refers to all domesticated birds kept for meat and eggs production. Eggs and poultry meat are produced primarily for food consumption. Eggs are also used in various food industries like the manufacturing of confectionary (i.e. sweet chocolate cakes etc.). They are also used for the manufacturing of cosmetics of infection diseases while the feathers may be used for making pillows and mattresses. Some species of poultry are suitable for genetic nutritional and physiological studies because of their relatively low cost of maintenance, proliferation (a rapid growth or increase in numbers) and short generation intervals. In the earlier time, the keeping of poultry were not being considered as a major occupation; that is birds were kept to obtain some money and in most cases for pleasure and pastime cock fighting. In some areas or communities, fowls are still used in the past as a means of knowing what times of day, most especially the cock (i.e. male fowl).

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THE PROBLEMS AND PROSPECT OF POULTRY MARKETING AND PRODUCTION A CASE STUDY OF ORHIONMWON LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA,. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

THE PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF OIL PALM PRODUCTION A CASE STUDY OF NIFOR EDO STATE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

THE PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF OIL PALM PRODUCTION A CASE STUDY OF NIFOR EDO STATE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

ABSTRACT

This study examined the problems and prospects of oil palm cultivation using Nifor as a case study. In the process of the research questionnaires were administered to farmers and workers, so as to enable the researcher collect the required data which were selected and analyzed using simple percentage. The findings of the study revealed that problems facing oil palm production include lack of adequate land space, inadequate storage facilities which result in low production of oil palm, inadequate finance etc while those of its prospect include that the cultivation of oil palm is an inevitable means of shifting the nation’s dependence on oil sectors as the main stay of the nations economy, a means of encouraging rural agriculture since southern Nigeria with particular reference to Nifor is fertile for oil palm production and as a means of discouraging urban drift. Recommendations were given thereby encouraging the setting up of  small scale industries in the rural areas were oil palm is produced as a means of reducing unemployment and encouraging rural development.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The oil palm originated in tropical West Africa where it is found growing in any areas the centres of production of oil palms stretches from Senegal, through Dahondy and Nigeria to Congo and Angola. Nigeria is one of the worlds loading producer of palm oil and palm kernels palm produce was the main commodity which attracted the early European traders to west African those traders save the oil rivers to the Nigeria delta area where they traded the use of oil palm and it products are many the leaves are used for making brooms and for roofing materials the back and the front is paled and weaving into baskets, the main trunk can be split and used as supporting frames in buildings a sap tapped from the female flower is drunk as palm wine a rich source of year red palm oil can be extra from the fibrous layers of the nuts of the fruit bunch this is locally used in the manufacture of candles, margarine, and soap a clear oil from the kernels is used for making pomades palm kernel meats is used as a menial food the empty fruit bunch, the shell and fortress which remain after oil extraction are used as fondle many plantation of oil palm have been establish in west African, but most palm produced is obtained from palms growing wild.

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THE PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF OIL PALM PRODUCTION A CASE STUDY OF NIFOR EDO STATE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

AGRICULTURE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROBLEM AND PROSPECT. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

AGRICULTURE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROBLEM AND PROSPECT. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

ABSTRACT

The study is to research on the problems and prospect of agriculture in Edo State. The study is to look at the attitude of Edo State people towards the improvement of agriculture, which tend to be a weak attitude and problems to the state at large. These problems are summarized as low level of literacy, poor agricultural implements, inadequate number of skilled /trained and qualified labourers or workers, little or on finding etc. However, the research deems it fit to profound solution to the low level of agriculture in Edo State. these solution are as follows; lists of skilled workers should compiled and updated always receipt or certificates should be advocated, personal income and support should be  appropriate appreciated and use well. However, the above solutions to the problems of agriculture in Edo State, will tend to change to a positive one, whereby the people of Edo State will now tend to improve agriculture effectively if only the government of Edo State will employ these prospect of agriculture.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Agricultural sector is the earliest sector of the economy in the history of mankind. The history of agriculture started when man wandered from places to place gathering fruits and animals to satisfy his immediate need. As at that time, man had three basic necessities in life, these are air water and food air and water is provided naturally while food has to be provided by man himself with much and little hindrance from nature.

  Agriculture as the backbone of West Africa economy is further revealed by the fact that it contributes an average of about 75 percent of various counties exports. Agriculture supplies about 80 percent of Nigeria’s exports.

The importance of agriculture in the economy of west Africa is borne out by many factors, for instance, it employs between 60-90 percent of west Africa occupied population in Liberia, 80 percent of the working population is engaged in agriculture forestry, fishing and breeding more than 60 percent of the employed labour force is engaged in agriculture in Ghana in the Ivory coast, 85 percent of the population are farmers, and the percentage rises to go if we include the immigrant population of that country in Senegal 80 percent of the active population is engaged in agriculture. All these point to the facts that agriculture is the main source of livelihood of West Africa

Agriculture as an economic development has provided a dominant position within the economy of each country gives at a crucial role in the economy development of West Africa. It provides raw materials for the textile, tyre, soap, cocoa, fruit canning and cigarette factories.

 

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AGRICULTURE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROBLEM AND PROSPECT. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

THE PROBLEMS OF DUCK FARMING (CASE STUDY OVIA NORTH WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA) EDO STATE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

THE PROBLEMS OF DUCK FARMING (CASE STUDY OVIA NORTH WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA) EDO STATE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

ABSTRACT

This project work was carmed out in Ovia North West Local Government Area of edo state to examine the problems of duck farming within the area. 5o questionnaires were distributed among farmers in the local government but there response where only analyzed using simple frequency and percentages. From the analysis it was revealed that 30% the farmers attributed the problem of duck farming to disease condition which 80% identified some other problems. The result further revealed that 80% of the respondents attribute the non acceptance of duck meat of superstitions belief another 8% of the respondents further stated that there is no ready market for ducks and ducks raised are reared for family consumption, it was discovered that duck have high resistance to common poultry diseases and their eggs are bigger in size than that of chicken and if the market is created for ducks eggs and meat duck farming will become a gold mine.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0       INTRODUCTION

Ducks are tough animals and good scavengers. They are easier and cheaper to keep than chickens. This makes duck keeping for the production of eggs and meat an attractive enterprise about 700 million ducks are kept around the world, the majority of these more than 500million are found in Asia. Despite this uneven distribution, it is certainly also possible to raise ducks in parts of the worlds, including Africa and Latin America. Ducks can be reared for eggs and meat, for own use or for sale. Other products from ducks which can also be sold include down feathers and fattened livers. There are many similarities between chicken and duck rearing. The most obvious similarities are found in the type of the products for which these forms of poultry we kept duck, like chicken are good producers of eggs and meat.

1.1             BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Ducks however have several advantages over other poultry species, in particular their disease tolerance. They are hardly, excellent foragers and easy to hard, particularly in wetlands where they naturally tend to flock together. Ducks are relatively easy to raise and generally need less care than chickens.

This study seeks to determine the problems and prospects of duck rearing in Ovia North East Local Government Area.

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THE PROBLEMS OF DUCK FARMING (CASE STUDY OVIA NORTH WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA) EDO STATE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOENIC ACTIVITIES AND DOMESTIC WASTE ON SURFACE WATER QUALITY (A CASE STUDY OF EKULU RIVER, ENUGU). A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOENIC ACTIVITIES AND DOMESTIC WASTE ON SURFACE WATER QUALITY (A CASE STUDY OF EKULU RIVER, ENUGU). A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

 

Abstract 

The microbiological and organic pollutants characteristics of umuosoko stream in ikwuano local government area, Enugu state, Nigeria were carried out. Twenty water samples were collected from four different parts of the river.  The pour plate technique was employed for the isolation of micro-organisms. Colonial morphology, Gram staining and biochemical tests were used for identification and characterization. The statistical analyses used were analysis of variance and standard deviation. The mean total aerobic plate count ranged from 5.30 ± 0.01log10cfu/ml to 5.90 ± 3.0

 

Log10cfu/ml while the mean coliform count was 5.0 ± 0.50 mpn/100ml to 20.0 ± 4.0 mpn/100ml. The salmonella and shigella and vibrio cholerae mean counts were 0 ± 0.00 log10cfu/ml respectively. The mean fungal count ranged from 2.45 ± 0.02 log10cfu/ml to 2.77 ± 0.20 log10cfu/ml. The microorganisms isolated were escherichia coli, enterobacter species, staphylococcus aureus, proteus species, streptococcus species, bacillus species, pseudomonas aeruginosa, lactobacillus species, saccharomyces species; kluyveromyces ranges species and aspergillus species.

 

The values of the organic pollutants tested were as follows: ph, 6 to 9, temperature, 29oc to 31oc, colour, and 6tcu to 7tcu, conductivity, 200μs/cm to 330μs/cm, turbidity, 0.01ntu to 0.1ntu, total hardness, 0.2mg/l to 0.4mg/l, total dissolved solid, 360 mg/l to 620mg/l, total suspended solid, 40mg/l to 120mg/l, dissolved oxygen, 4.0mg/l to 5.5mg/l, biochemical oxygen demand, 2.8mg/l – 3.8mg/l, salinity, 0.1ppt to 0.3ppt, nitrate, 21 mg/l to 103mg/l, phosphate, 0.67mg/l to 1.52mg/l, sulphate, 200mg/l to 260mg/l, was unobjectionable. The microbiological and nitrate results showed that the river water is contaminated and must be treated before consumption.

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0  INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Water is essential for life. Man needs water for various other purposes apart from drinking and body functions.

The other purposes includes it’s use in transportation, waste disposal and hydro electric system. About 80% of the earth’s surface is covered by water. This may be grouped into natural and artificial water. Natural water includes atmospheric water (rainfall, hail and snow), surface water includes (stream, lakes, rivers, ocean) and ground water (spring well, under ground stream). Artificial water on the other hand includes ponds. Surface water can be contaminated by some impurities like dust, smoke or gases etc from the atmosphere.

Anthropogenic activities ad dumping of waste on the river bank also results to the contamination of surface water quality, water may of these micro-organisms when present in large quantities and for prolonged period of time can cause health problem (Onyeagba and Isu, 2003, Shelton, 2003: WHO, 2004). There is a strong relationship existing between water, health and diseases causation (Ajewole, 2005). Water is a very essential element of human nature, yet a very dangerous element in the spread of diseases.

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EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOENIC ACTIVITIES AND DOMESTIC WASTE ON SURFACE WATER QUALITY (A CASE STUDY OF EKULU RIVER, ENUGU). A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF AGRICULTURE TO RURAL DEVELOPMENT: . A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF AGRICULTURE TO RURAL DEVELOPMENT: . A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

ABSTRACT

For the purpose of this research work, an opinion survey was made using oral interview and author  – constructed questionnaire to examine “the contributions of agriculture to rural development” using Udi Local Government Area of Enugu as a case study.

The researchers relied on data collected from seventy-five (75) respondents who were agricultural concerned persons.

To guide the research, the above opinions were gathered and analysed/interpreted, analysis of data revealed agriculture is the main stay of the rural dwellers, that proper awareness has not been created about agriculture by those concerned and that these rural dwellers are aware of the contributions of agriculture to rural development.

However further analysis of data received courtesy opinions of respondents revealed that the government has not done so much as it supposed for agricultural development in rural areas, more to this that most of the factors hindering the effective advancement of agriculture are not natural but man-made, hence could be solved.

However, it is suggested that further and more indepth research on this study should be done as to as to ascertain factors impending or militating against the contributions of agriculture to rural development, also on ways these contributions could be fully utilized to effectively develop rural areas.

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:

Agriculture according to Anyanwu, A. C. (1975) can be defined as “a cultivation of the land for the purpose of producing food for man and animals and also fibre or raw materials for our industries”.  It also includes the processing and marketing of crops.

Another definition from V. O. Akinyosoye O. (1976) states that agriculture is concerned basically with the husbandry of crops and animals for food and other purpose.

Agriculture has been the main stay of man right from the earliest times.  It is the oldest occupation and the entire world depends mostly on it for food requirements.  In the olden days, man practiced crude method of farming which involved local tool such as stones, sticks and other related equipment.

Today, agriculture is being looked upon as a basic necessity of life.  Food is an essential thing among the human needs. It is believed that without food, nobody can survive.  This is as a result of the benefits of agriculture.

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THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF AGRICULTURE TO RURAL DEVELOPMENT: . A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

THE IMPORTANCE OF FISH PRODUCTION AND ITS MARKETING VALUE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

THE IMPORTANCE OF FISH PRODUCTION AND ITS MARKETING VALUE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

ABSTRACT

The importance of fish production and marketing value of fish production in Ughilli North East Local Government Area of Delta State. Fishery industry in Ughelli North East Local Government were randomly selected to find out the importance of fishing.

Questionnaires methods and oral interview were used in collection of data. Questionnaires were send out to people in fisheries industry to answer. The study review the importance of fish production industries, in the area of study include financial problem, inadequate pond for housing these fishes, and the marketing value.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Although there are thousand of years of experience supporting aquaculture in and other countries, it is relatively young industry in the United States. It is also one of the fastest growing segments of animae agriculture. Aquaculture output has grown at a rate of more than 10% for captured fishers and 3% for livestock meat production (FAO, 2000) while only 13 million tons of fish were produced in North American in 1990, there were over 31 million tons produced in 1998. Concurrently, the value of this production doubled from 490 million to nearly 81 billion (USAA, 1998).

Human consumption of fish and related foods is increasing each year. Demand for fish products is greater than the ability of the oceans to supply them. A reduction in wild –caught fish coupled with increased consumption by American consumers has led to increased profitability, improvement in technology required for captive production, and a rapid expansion of farmed aquatic specie. As a result aquaculture is becoming a major alternatives crop globally and in many areas of the United States illustrates the increasing percentage of the total world fish production supplied by aquaculture in relation to the oceanic catch. Because the oceanic fish is no longer increasing significantly, additional production depends on growing more fish through aquaculture. Approximately 75 percent of the earths surface is covered by water yet humans harvest only 1 percent of their total food supply from this source.

 

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THE IMPORTANCE OF FISH PRODUCTION AND ITS MARKETING VALUE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

PLANTATION AGRICULTURE IN EDO STATE PROBLEMS AND PROSPECT OF RUBBER FARMING. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

PLANTATION AGRICULTURE IN EDO STATE PROBLEMS AND PROSPECT OF RUBBER FARMING. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

ABSTRACT

The research has been designed to identify the problem and prospect of rubber farming in Edo State Ovia South West Local Government Area. This is done so as to suggest possible ways of exposing to the public the economic condition of rubber production problems and prospects.

The relevant literature to this work is therefore carried out largely under the following headings.

1            The role of plantation agriculture in the Nigeria economy

2            Problem confronting rubber plantations in Edo State.

3            Solution to the identified problem

4            Prospect of rubber production in Edo State.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Plantation agriculture is more than 400 years old and contributes to the regional and national countries. Agriculture is the cultivation of soil growing of crops and rearing of animals for man use. Agriculture has always been the major activity in Nigeria in general and also Edo State particularly producing a variety of food and cash crops. Agriculture is divided or categorized into three; they are subsistence agriculture, commercial agriculture and plantation agriculture.

The subsistence agriculture is practices with only crude implements, a few crops that are the cultivation. Here, the farmer grows crops for himself and his immediate family. This is done by clearing a small portion or area of land and cultivate it. The commercial agriculture is when food crops are grown for the purpose of making profit. The commercial agriculture is the combination of arable farming and animal husbandry; the people in this area produce for export market that is on commercial basis.  Plantation agriculture practice in Nigeria and in Edo State in particular plantation agriculture is the growing of cash crops on a large hectare of land o a large scales. In plantation agriculture crops like cocoa rubber oil palm and shrub like cotton and coffee are grown.

 

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PLANTATION AGRICULTURE IN EDO STATE PROBLEMS AND PROSPECT OF RUBBER FARMING. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

CREDIT MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES IN AGRICULTURAL CO-OPERATIVE BANK IN NIGERIA

CREDIT MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES IN AGRICULTURAL CO-OPERATIVE BANK IN NIGERIA. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

ABSTRACT

This project is written to be useful to all who are interested in co-operative organizations, banks and the general public. This is to reveal the process of effective management of credit in Co-operative Agricultural Bank in Enugu.  In this project, one finds out the means of which this Bank of Agriculture grants loans to public.  For example, critical examining showed that BOA grants two broad categories of loans namely: micro and macro.  At the macro level, only agricultural projects like agro processing, marketing, production, etc are considered.  While non-agricultural projects financed under micro include artisans such as vulcanisers, road side mechanics, barbing, hair dressing saloons etc.  Factors militating against effective credit management in Agricultural Co-operative Banks in Enugu were revealed both economical and political. The method use in collecting data for this project is presented in tables and analysed using simple percentage rating.  Much recommendations on the way/ways of improving co-operative credit management is critically highlighted.

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     INTRODUCTION

1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:

Bank of agriculture is the nation’s apex agricultural and rural development financial institution. As a development finance institution it is government owned (CBN 40% and federal ministry of finance 60%) and supervised by federal ministry of agriculture. The bank was incorporated as Nigerian Agricultural Bank (NAB) in the year 1973 and in the year 1978 was renamed Nigeria Agricultural and Co-operative bank (NACB).

Subsequently in the year 2000, it was merged with the people’s bank of Nigeria (PBN) and took over the risk assets of Family Economic Advancement Programme (FEAP) to become Nigeria agricultural Co-operative and Rural Development Bank. A plan to reposition the bank into an effective and sustainable national agricultural and rural development finance institution in 2010 led to a further name change to Bank of Agriculture (BOA). Bank of agriculture limited is dedicated primarily to agricultural financing at both the micro and macro levels as well as micro financing of small and medium scale enterprises.

The bank has a 3-tier administrative structure.  The Head Office is in Kaduna and there are six zonal offices located at Abuja, Kano, Bauchi, Enugu, Port Harcourt and Ibadan.  Under the Zonal Offices, there is a network of over 200 branches.  Enugu zonal office is responsible for monitoring and supervision of the activities of the 26 branches in the South-East zone which are distributed as follows:

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CREDIT MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES IN AGRICULTURAL CO-OPERATIVE BANK IN NIGERIA. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL  SCIENCE

THE EFFECT OF BUSH BURNING ON AGRICULTURAL LAND: CASE STUDY OF OKADA IN OVIA NORTH EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE

THE EFFECT OF BUSH BURNING ON AGRICULTURAL LAND: CASE STUDY OF OKADA IN OVIA NORTH EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE

ABSTRACT

Bush burning removes the natural vegetation cover that protects the soil surface. This exposes the land to the effects of wind and water erosion. It should however noted that burning on agricultural lands in Okada in Ovia North East Local Government Area attention was focused on the merit and demerit of burning agricultural land in chapter five. At the later part of this chapter, useful suggestions and recommendations were given on how to carryout burning by trying to avoid bad effects on burning agricultural lands in Okada in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State. However these suggestions and recommendations are mainly on the part of the governments which are as follows:

  1. The government should help in prohibition of bush burning careless use of fire by enlightening the farmers and the public.
  2. The government is to ensure that there are fires services in the rural area are well equipped with materials to fight against the outbreak of fire especially in the forest reserves.
  3. The government should provide for some merchandised equipment to the local farmers to hire for use at a cheap rate in order to minimize the act of burning agricultural lands by local farmers.
  4. The government should also provide fertilizer to replenish lost nutrients during burning.   

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1    BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Burning with reference to land cultivation is a method of land preparation in Edo State. In general and in Okada in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State in particular bush burning generally is the method of removing the natural vegetable from the surface of the soil by setting fire on debris. Bush burning causes serious damage to trees and crops, its effect of public concern which should not be for farmer alone and should be handled with seriousness, practice of burning of fire could also lead to accidental burning of his land and other properties at his disposal, this ideals of burning his farm came to him with the food that fire has left behind after roasting his food, fire spread and destroyed all that was left behind in the environment.

 

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THE EFFECT OF BUSH BURNING ON AGRICULTURAL LAND: CASE STUDY OF OKADA IN OVIA NORTH EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE