SAFETY CONCERN IN LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAB ENVIRONMENT. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
ABSTRACT
This research work which is based on safety principles and practice in liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) environment. LPG which is a petroleum fraction produced by distillation of crude oil. It is a hugely versatile gas found over many million of years beneath the ground and it is obtaining from processing of natural gas and refining of crude oil LPG is either prepare and instance which is transported from the gas field or refinery installations to storage terminals by tanker or pipeline and is stored in gas cylinders. It is used in domestic, industrial, auto gas, commercial and agricultural purposes. Because of its non-polluted nature, LPG is considered as environmental friendly gas.
Safety policies and principles in LPG plant and environment is carried out in order to create a safe working conditions for workers and as well protects lives and properties of workers, consumers and industries. Due to its high flammable nature, safety should be enhanced in production process, handling, transportation and storage.
Incase of leakage, emergency procedure should be carried out. Small leakages which can be detached by small or detergent/water mixture bubbles. Significant leaks detached by missing sound or king in areas of leakage and should never be used.
Also proper LPG plant layout should be enhanced to ensure hazard free production process and the indecent safety must be stately adhered to during plant design.
Safety is everyone’s responsibility, environment for its workers and consumers and environment. People working tools and equipment should be sued in the LPG production. Work procedures must be used. Staff training must be regular. Fire extinguishers must be provided at strategic point for use. Job description minimum standard for equipment, building, products, processes must be set. In short a good production and managing practice must be in place to guarantee safety for all.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
This project which is on safety concern (principles and practices) in liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) environment. It intends to provide an overall guide to safe practice in storage and handling liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) at fixed storage installations.
It also provides a guide to safe practice both for personnel storing LPG and those enforcing safety requirement. The recommendation are intended to minimize the risks of fire and explosion from escaping LPG and from external sources of fire.
WHAT IS LPG
LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) is either propane (c3H8), butane (c4H10) or mixture of those two light hydrocarbon fuel (2)
In a gaseous state at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, LPG becomes a liquid at 150c when the pressure is lowered to between 1.7 and 7.5 bars. This facilitates both storage and transportation.
1 litre liquid propand=270 litres gaseous propane at 150c.
propane starts vapourising above –450c and butane above –20c (excluding its used in cold environment.
PRODUCTION AND TRANSPORTATION
LPG has two different origins LPG comes from the processing of natural gas (60%) and also from the refining of crude oil (40%). 200 million tones of LPG a2 were produced in 2000, accounting for approximately 2-3% of primary energy consumption worldwide among other energy sources such as natural gas electricity oil, coal etc.
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