EFFECTS OF SOLID WASTES ON THE QUALITY OF UNDERGROUND WATER [A CASE STUDY OF IKIRUN, OSUN STATE
ABSTRACT
This research paper examines the effects of solid wastes, quality and its control on groundwater pollution in Ikirun (Maboreje and Okeafo areas) Osun state Nigeria. The study was born out of unregulated manner in which both domestic and industrial wastes are deposited on the streets, river courses, buried, burnt and discarded in refuse heaps. Solid waste commonly generated in Ikirun includes papers and polyethene, tin and metals, ashes and dust, texture and rags, aluminium and other minerals. The analysis of physical, chemical and biological of raw water at ten different locations in Ikirun close to dump areas shows these wastes produce leachates and gases when they are decomposed and are washed by percolating and infiltrating rain water into the groundwater. However, most of the water parameters tested fall within World Health Organisation (W.H.O) recommendations while few are not. Inspite of this, recommendations are made to remedy the situations which include encouraging analysis of raw water, enlightenment campaign, groundwater exploration in Ikirun should be intensified and the principle of resource management should be adhered to.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
CERTIFICATION
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 PROBLEM OF THE STUDY
1.2 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
1.3 OBJECTIVES
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
1.5 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 DEFINITION OF WASTES
2.2 SOURCES OF SOLD WASTES
2.3 COMMERCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL WASTES
2.4 INDUSTRIAL SOLID WASTES
2.5 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL HAZARD OF SOLID WASTES
2.6 WATER POLLUTION FROM SOLID WASTES
2.7 SOURCES OF WATER
2.8 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER
2.9 EFFECT OF RAIN WATER ON UNDER GROUND WATER
2.10 COLOR DETERMINATIONS
2.11 TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLID WASTES (TSS) TOTAL DISSOIVED SOLID WASTES (TDS)
2.12 TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLID WASTES (TDS)
2.13 DISSOIVED OXYGEN (DO)
2.14 TYPE OF WASTES AND ITS CONSTITUENTS
2.15 SOLID WASTES EFFECT AND CONTROL ON UNDERGROUD WATER.
2.16 TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF WASTES
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 PHYSICAL OBSERVATION OF THE STUDY AREAS
3.2 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 DATA ANALYSIS
4.1 METHOD OF LABORATORY TESTS ON PH, TEMPERATURE, CONDUCTIVITY, ALKALINITY, TOTAL HARDNESS, CHLORINE AND BACTERIOLOGICAL TEST OF THE WATER SAMPLE.
4.2 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY
5.1 CONCLUSION
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
5.3 APPENDICES
5.4 REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 This chapter introduces what solid wastes are all about including its quality and effects on underground water. Solid wastes commonly known as trashes or garbages are wastes consisting of everyday items we consume and discard.
It predominantly includes food wastes, yard wastes, containers, product packaging, and other miscellaneous inorganic wastes from residential, commercial, institutional and industrial resources.
While underground water is the water found beneath the soil. Underground water occurs as a result of rain fall entering into the soil surface. It may also occur as a result of percolation from surface water into the soil. When rain falls to the ground, the water does stop, some flow along the surface to the streams or lakes, while some are used by plants, some evaporate and return to the atmosphere while some sink into the ground . When pouring a glass of water into a pile of sand, it is obvious that the water will move into the space between particles of sand. Scientifically, groundwater is found in the cracks and spaces in the soil, sand and rock.
It moves slowly through layers of soil, sand and rock called aquifers. Aquifers typically consist of gravel, sand, stone or fractured rock, like lime stone. These particles are permeable because the large connected spaces that allow water to flow through the speed at which ground water flows depends on the size of spaces in the soil or rock and how well the spaces are connected. The area where water full aquifer is called the saturated zone (or saturation zone).
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