CHAPTER ONE
1.0 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Environmental conservation should be seen as an attempt to tackle virtually all environmental issues towards achieving sustainable development.
Why it is necessary for individual to be environmentally literate is that before 1960, nature was treated as an infinite supply of physical resources to be used for human benefit and exploited as required. Projects were assessed purely in financial terms, without economic valuation of non-cash benefit and without environment consideration.
Population was just increasing and not enough was known about the complex relationship between resources and environment. today increasing human demands are damaging the natural resources base-land, water and air, upon which all the development ultimately depends.`
Industrialized areas contribute to environmental degradation, by their insatiable demands for resources, their production of wastes, and the cumulative effects of their activities affect the environment adversely.
Since individuals are in one way or the other involved in the production system as managers of resources, it is imperative they are made aware of their actions and how best to minimize environment problems that would lead to establishing a sustainable environment and development.
1.1.2 INDUSTRIAL ENERGY AND WASTE
Industry produces environmental problems everywhere, it consumes 37% of the world’s energy and emits 50% of the world’s carbon dioxide, 90% of the world’s sulphur oxide and nearly all the toxic chemicals now threatening ozone layer with depletion. Every year it produces 2100 million tones of solid waste and 338 million tones of hazardous waste. In Nigeria, small-scale unregulated industries often discharge untreated waste, in spite of the efforts of the federal environmental protection agency (FEPA).
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