THE EFFECTS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP SKILL ON PRODUCT PORTFOLIO DEVELOPMENT. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

ABSTRACT
This research work examined the effects of entrepreneurial skill on product portfolio development of medium scale enterprise in Lagos. It is important for business owners (be it a small medium scale enterprises operator or large scale enterprise), who aspire for optimum success in their endeavor to take cognizance of the essential entrepreneurial skills which will aid the effective achievement of their organization goal and objective. The research design adopted for the study is survey research design. The main instrument used was self administered questionnaires. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analysed using mean, median mode and standard deviation. Two hypotheses were tested using Z-test at 0.05% level of significance. The analysis done reveal that there is significant relationship between entrepreneurship skills and product portfolio development. Also, co-operation between small medium scale entrepreneurs and research institutes, for exploitation of research findings of these institutes should be encouraged in order to achieve development in general was recommended.

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THE EFFECTS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP SKILL ON PRODUCT PORTFOLIO DEVELOPMENT. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

MEDIUM SCALE BUSINESSES: ISSUES, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

ABSTRACT
The research work aimed at examining the issues, challenges and prospects of the Nigerian Medium Scale Businesses. The main instrument used to generate data for the study was the questionnaire.
The key issues uncovered by the research study are that respondents agreed that medium scale enterprises have played a significant role in the Nigerian economy. Also most of the barriers to the growth of medium scale businesses include poor managerial skill, lack of feasibility studies, lack of timely information, inconsistent government policies and inadequate infrastructural facilities.
However, the findings of the study, the following recommendations are proffered. The Federal Government should provide enabling environment like the provision of infrastructures such as good roads, electricity supply, water to enable the operations of SMEs in Nigeria.
Bank officials should be mobilised to base investment on potential rather than security and collateral only. The nation’s government should guarantee both political and economic stability which will help in the growth of survival and expansion f medium scale enterprise.
Finally, Government regulations should be such that from time to time will not hinder the establishment of new and growth of existing small and medium scale enterprise in any part of the country.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Historical facts has show that prior to the late 19th century, cottage industries, mostly small and medium scale businesses controlled the economy of Europe. The industrial revolution changed the status quo and introduced mass production. The twin oil shocks during the 1970s undermined the mass production model, which triggered an unexpected reappraisal of the role and importance of small and medium sized enterprises in the global economy. Findings by economists over the years show that small firms and entrepreneurships play a much more important role in economy growth and development. (www.wiki.answer.com).

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MEDIUM SCALE BUSINESSES: ISSUES, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN A DEPRESSED ECONOMY. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

ABSTRACT
This research work strives to evaluate the extent of development in Entrepreneurship in a depressed economy like Nigeria. A closer and pragmatic approach was adopted by using Nigerian Association of Small-Scale Industrialists (NASSI) Enugu State Chapter. NASSI has been seen as one of the nation’s governmental agency involved in manpower development and training and financing small-scale industrialists. In view of this the following is being recommended for improving this developmental objective.
Government commitment in developing the sector, this giving the much desired self-reliance a priority by investing in the project.
The entire citizenry are enjoined to be creative by being involved in creation of opportunities for self-reliance rather than relying on government and other big companies for their jobs.
The provision of an organized loan-revolving scheme, thus making it mandatory for benefactors to repay in time.
Nassi should as well try and organize their curricular towards giving trainings that are practical and not theoretical so as to feel the impact in a short period of time. And finally the need to inculcate into our psych and schema the need to be technologically self-reliant.
Therefore, the research is suggesting that further studies could be done on this by evaluating the impact of small-scale enterprises in the economy. And the prospects of the Nigerian Entrepreneur in a depressed economy. Consequently, the research solicits for NASSI to be more pragmatic in their operation vis-à-vis the decree of which they were established and then government in its own effort to try and create an enabling environment for entrepreneurship development. In +his words Abrahim Maslow (A psychologist known for his theories regarding human needs) insinuated that “the most valuable 100 people to bring into a deteriorating society would not be economists, or politicians or engineer rather 100 entrepreneurs.”

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ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN A DEPRESSED ECONOMY. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

THE RELEVANCE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES IN NIGERIA. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

ABSTRACT
This research project examine the relevance of Information Technology to the Management of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Nigeria with reference to Card Centre Nigeria Limited.
The research design took both an inferential and a descriptive approach. A sample size of fifty (50) was drawn from the population. A hundred questionnaires were distributed randomly to stratified groups among the staff of De-United Food Industries Plc. A 5 – point likert scale was developed and validated to collect information from the respondents.
The data collected was analyzed with basic descriptive statistics such as frequency and simple percentages. Chi-square analysis was also made. The core findings from the results obtained show that that Information Technology play significant role in the activities and operations of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs), that Information Technology has impacted positively on the managerial practice of SMEs and that Information Technology has improved the performance of SMEs.
Conclusion was draw from the summary of the result. Various remarks and recommendations were proffered to the organization of study.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
The dynamic role of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries as engines through which the growth objectives of developing countries can be achieved has long been recognized and stated in the literature. The advantages claimed for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are various, including: the encouragement of entrepreneurship (Olorunshola, 2003); the greater likelihood that SMEs will utilise labour intensive technologies (Salami, 2003) and thus have an immediate impact on employment generation (Udechukwu, 2003, Ogujiuba et. al., 2004, Henriques and Klock 1999); they can usually be established rapidly and put into operation to produce quick returns; SMEs development can encourage the process of both inter- and intra-regional decentralization (Ogujiuba et. al., 2004); and, they may well become a countervailing force against the economic power of larger enterprises (Salami, 2003). More generally the development of SMEs is seen as accelerating the achievement of wider economic and socio-economic objectives, including poverty alleviation (Udechukwu, 2003).
Notwithstanding the recognition of the important roles SMEs play in these countries, their development is largely constrained by a number of factors, such as lack of access to appropriate technology; limited access to international markets, the existence of laws, regulations and rules that impede the development of the sector; weak institutional capacity, lack of management skills and training, and most importantly finance.

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THE RELEVANCE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES IN NIGERIA. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

THE ROLE OF SMALL SCALE BUSINESS IN INDUSTRY TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

ABSTRACT
This research work highlights the role of Small Scale business in industrial technological development of Nigeria. The industry used as Case Study is Pz Nigeria Limited, Isolo, Lagos.
With the necessary information and method of study relying heavily on questionnaire administration, the findings of this study is that small scale has received a socio-economic ventures designed of address poverty squarely.
Its purposes is to motivate and encourage the Nigeria populate, to improve their standard of living by making proper use of management resources generated to their communities. Also from the findings, I was able to realize that Pz Nigeria Limited has been able to provide employment.
This research work highlights the role of Small Scale business in industrial technological development of Nigeria. The industry used as Case Study is Pz Nigeria Limited, Isolo, Lagos.
With the necessary information and method of study relying heavily on questionnaire administration, the findings of this study is that small scale has received a socio-economic ventures designed of address poverty squarely.
Its purposes is to motivate and encourage the Nigeria populate, to improve their standard of living by making proper use of management resources generated to their communities. Also from the findings, I was able to realize that Pz Nigeria Limited has been able to provide employment.
This research work highlights the role of Small Scale business in industrial technological development of Nigeria. The industry used as Case Study is Pz Nigeria Limited, Isolo, Lagos.
With the necessary information and method of study relying heavily on questionnaire administration, the findings of this study is that small scale has received a socio-economic ventures designed of address poverty squarely.
Its purposes is to motivate and encourage the Nigeria populate, to improve their standard of living by making proper use of management resources generated to their communities. Also from the findings, I was able to realize that Pz Nigeria Limited has been able to provide employment.

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THE ROLE OF SMALL SCALE BUSINESS IN INDUSTRY TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

SURVIVAL STRATEGIES IN SMALL BUSINESS. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to investigate into the Survival Strategies in small Scale Business in. Lagos State (a case study of some selected small scale industries). Information was sought on the activities and the performance of the small scale enterprises in Lagos State in the areas of loan acquisition, marketing research, personnel approaches, strategic locations, training and development. The research method used for the study was mainly descriptive with the aim of obtaining primary data on the survival strategies being designed, developed and implemented by the selected small scale industries (i.e. Becco Furniture Enterprises Nigeria Ltd. And Atlas. Drugs Company) as well as how these strategies affect each of the organization. The sources of data used for the study was primary source (i.e. interviews, questionnaires, observation etc. Secondary source was also used which ‘includes libraries, other information centers on desk studies etc. The findings of the study was based on capital, marketing research, training and development, personnel policies and location from the data collected, the research concludes that small scale business industries were unable to receive loans from financial institutions, which has been a shortcoming on the part of the entrepreneurs due to illiteracy or lack of collateral needed. Also most small scale industries do not research on the areas of marketing their product or some other promotional activities and this affects sales. Training and development also has hindrances to the effective performance of the small scale businesses, since most employers do not train their employees to acquire technical expertise. The researcher recommend that since small scale industries are very vital, to our economy, it is pertinent that, for an entrepreneur to have effective efficient functioning of these small scale industries in the areas of (capita1 loan acquisition, marketing research, personnel policies, implementation, training and development and strategic location) he or she must aim primarily towards a long survival of that business by implementing on the strategies and policies mapped out based on the above stated areas. The recommendation based on capital is that, since government has set up many institutions to help in providing needed capital, the entrepreneurs should endeavour to utilize these opportunities and acquire the needed capital/loan facilities.

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SURVIVAL STRATEGIES IN SMALL BUSINESS. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

PROFIT MAXIMIZATION: A STRATEGIC TOOL FOR SURVIVAL OF BUSINESSES IN NIGERIA. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

ABSTRACT
As we all know the objective of any business venture is to maximize profit. Hence all the decisions with respect to new projects, acquisition of assets, raising capital, distributing dividends e.t.c are studied for their impact on profits and profitability.
Profit maximization theory is based on profits and profits are a must for the survival of any business. Therefore, this research work focused on the effectiveness of profit maximization on Dangote Cement Plc as a case study.
The data used was gathered with the aid of a questionnaire and Chi-Square
(x2 ) method of data analysis was applied in analyzing the data.
Based on the findings, the research reviewed that profit maximization occurs with efficient and effective use of resources by the employees in an organization. It also brings to the fore an organizations Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats in an attempt to be relevant and meet customer needs.
It was also discovered that cost volume profit analysis is the technique that is being used at Dangote Cement Plc when planning for profit cost. Hence, it is recommended that Business owners and Organizations interested in maximizing profit must review their cost structure regularly, must be diligent in cutting frivolous cost and boost productivity amongst employees. Furthermore, they must ensure that they make adequate provisions for contingency funds to help control risks and external factors that could hinder the progress of the business.
CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
The ultimate goal of every firm in business is profit i.e. (Profit Maximization) and cost minimization in order to maximize shareholder wealth. Many industries today are facing problems due to the expansion through increases sales and the introduction of new product. Some on the other hand are facing problem of contraction owing to the introduction of substitute material. It is vital that management should be in position to plan for these changing levels of activities.

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PROFIT MAXIMIZATION: A STRATEGIC TOOL FOR SURVIVAL OF BUSINESSES IN NIGERIA. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

EFFECT OF SURVIVAL STRATEGIES OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

ABSTRACT

This research project is on the Effect of Survival Strategies on the Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprise with references (A Case Study of Selected Small Business in Lagos Sub-Urban). This research work is generally about the effects Survival Strategies on the Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprise. The project has undertook the general introduction into the research work led to the review of various literature that relates to the major variables involved in the research work especially Small and medium scale enterprises that speed up the rate of social economic development of many countries, particularly developing countries. They serve as system for attainment of national objective in terms of employment generation at low investment cost and also the development of entrepreneurial capabilities and indigenous technology. Various studies conducted indicated about 50 per cent of small and medium scale enterprises surveyed did not receive external finance while 77 percent indicated lacked of access to financial resources. The secret behind the success of a self-reliant strategy in any economy does not lie solely in any particular socio-political or socio-economic philosophy, but so much on people’s attitude to small enterprises. The data collected were analyzed through the use of frequency distribution table and chi-square statistical tool to determine whether a number of proportions to be studied are equal. The yes and no scale would be used to analyze the data for the study, research questions would be analyzed using the percentage analysis from the questionnaire retained. Base on the finding Internal characteristics and problems of SMEs. Most small and medium scale enterprises in Nigeria are battling with serious internal problem. There problem range from poor management practices, lack of well planned marketing strategy, among other internal survival strategies and also reveals that with more government institutions in place such as National Directorate

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EFFECT OF SURVIVAL STRATEGIES OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

IMPACT OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MICRO FINANCE INSTITUTION. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

CHAPTER ONE

INRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND TO OF STUDY

The banking of any country constitutes a crucial instrument for economic growth and development. It provides a vehicle for the mobilization of fund from the saving surplus sectors of an economy to the saving deficit sectors. According to Duoglal and Gambits (1986) Capital Market comprises of institutions and mechanism through which intermediate and long-term fund are pooled and made available to business, government and individuals. This allocate role of the capital market is vital for the overall development and growth of an economy. In respect of the vital roles as the capital in an economy many countries including Nigeria have established or facilitated the established of the capital markets.

These consists both the primary (New Issue) market and secondary (Stock). The history of the Nigeria capital market dates back to 1946 when the first public issue of securities was stated by the federal government of Nigeria for infrastructure development.

More so, a lot of development has taken place in the Nigeria capital market, for example the Lagos Stock Exchange was incorporated in 1961 as a non-profit organization limited by guarantee. It was later renamed the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) in 1977. For now, there are nine branches of the Nigerian Stock Exchange located in F.C.T Abuja, Lagos, Kaduna, Port Harcourt, Kano, Ibadan, Onisha, Yola and Benin City. The objective of the NSE as contained in its memorandums and Article of Association include among others the provision of facilities for trading in securities and ensuring fair and equitable prices for securities.

It is significant to note that the Nigeria Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), which is the apex regulatory body for the Nigeria Capital Market, was established in 1979. The SEC evolved from the capital issue commission which was created in 1962 to regulate the activities of the Nigeria Capital Market by protecting investors through orderly fair and equitable dealing in the market.

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IMPACT OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MICRO FINANCE INSTITUTION. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

WORKING CAPITAL ON THE OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

The current scarcity of cash and credit is threatening the survival of many businesses in all over the world primarily in Nigeria as its considered the sources of company’s working assets and liabilities referred to as working capital. it is a fact that corporations could not exist without working capital and this is undeniable. Eventually, the management of working capital (WCM) necessitates short term decisions in working capital (WC) and financing of all aspects of both firms short term assets and liabilities.

This explains the fact that firms with inadequate working capital are in financial strait jacket. As the name implies, working capital refers to the funds that are required for the day to day running of the activities of a firm. it is the excess of current assets over current liabilities. Working capital management involves the relationship between a firms short term assets and its short term liabilities. The goal of working capital management is to ensure that a firm is able to continue its operations and that it has sufficient ability to satisfy both maturing short term debt and upcoming operational expenses. In view of that, working capital management has become one of the most important issues in the organizations where many financial executives strive to identify the basic working capital drivers and the appropriate level of working capital (Lamberson 1995).

The management of working capital involves managing inventories, account payables, account receivables and cash. Large numbers of business failure has been attributed to the inability of financial managers to plan and control the current assets and current liabilities of their respective organizations. This explains why working capital management is vital to firms with limited access to the long term capital market. The working capital measures both a company’s efficiencies and its short term financial health. It also gives investors an idea of the companies underlying operational efficiency. The working capital shows a company’s efficiency, financial strength and cash flow health which also helps in determining the profitability and risk as well as its value (Smith 1980).

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WORKING CAPITAL ON THE OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

THE EFFECTS OF OUTSOURCING STRATEGIES ON ORGANIZATION PERFORMANCE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

ABSTRACT
This project focused on the effects of outsourcing strategies on organization performance with special reference to Nigeria Breweries Plc. The importance of outsourcing strategies in organizations cannot be overemphasized, hence the need for this research work. The objective of this study were to examine the relationship between outsourcing and organizaiton performance and to asses uses of outsourcing by organizaiton to gain competitive advantage over its competitors. Based on these objectives, data were sourced through the use of survey research method and data was collected from a sample size of 99 respondents which was arrived at through the use of quantitative method. The study found out that outsourcing strategy help organizations to cut cost, increase profitability and productivity which in turn leads to higher organizaitonal performance. Therefore, it was recommended that organizations should embrace the outsourcing strategies and improve service delivery to their customers. Also, organizations should continue to monitor the contractor’s activities and establish constant communication.
ABSTRACT
This project focused on the effects of outsourcing strategies on organization performance with special reference to Nigeria Breweries Plc. The importance of outsourcing strategies in organizations cannot be overemphasized, hence the need for this research work. The objective of this study were to examine the relationship between outsourcing and organizaiton performance and to asses uses of outsourcing by organizaiton to gain competitive advantage over its competitors. Based on these objectives, data were sourced through the use of survey research method and data was collected from a sample size of 99 respondents which was arrived at through the use of quantitative method. The study found out that outsourcing strategy help organizations to cut cost, increase profitability and productivity which in turn leads to higher organizaitonal performance. Therefore, it was recommended that organizations should embrace the outsourcing strategies and improve service delivery to their customers. Also, organizations should continue to monitor the contractor’s activities and establish constant communication.

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THE EFFECTS OF OUTSOURCING STRATEGIES ON ORGANIZATION PERFORMANCE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

THE IMPACT OF STRATEGIC PLANNING TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL SCALE AS A MEANS OF REDUCING UNEMPLOYMENT. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

ABSTRACT

This research project examines the impact of strategic planning to the development of small scale as a means of reducing unemployment. Survey design was adopted with simple random sampling methods as means of selection.

Primary source of data collection was adopted with the use of a well structured questionnaire. One hundred questionnaires were distributed to small scale business owners in lagos.

Data gathered were presented in table in percentile. Hypotheses formulated were tested with Chi-Square analysis. The test resulted into rejecting the null hypotheses and accepting the alternate hypotheses.
Conclusions were made that Small-scale business owners have significant business strategies to differentiate themselves from competition, Small-scale business owners have significant competitive priorities to outperform competitors and small-scale business owners significantly undertake market analysis to determine the need of customers.

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THE IMPACT OF STRATEGIC PLANNING TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL SCALE AS A MEANS OF REDUCING UNEMPLOYMENT. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE AND MICRO ENTERPRISE SUSTENANCE IN AWKA METROPOLIS. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

ABSTRACT

This study evaluates entrepreneurial development initiatives and micro enterprise sustenance in Awka metropolis. The objective of this study is to determine the entrepreneurial initiatives that can sustain micro enterprises, to investigate the extent entrepreneurial initiatives can reduce unemployment and to identify the challenges of entrepreneurial development initiatives on micro enterprise sustenance, the survey research method of investigation was adopted in this research work. The study used primary and secondary source of data, data for this research work were collected using questionnaires and personal interviews on micro enterprises, data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution and simple percentages. Findings and recommendations were made most of the micro entrepreneurs have 2-5 workers working for them ad are basically and mostly into service business. There years of business experience are 1-3 years and most of them started their businesses through you-win initiatives, entrepreneurial initiatives help to reduce un-employment. Government initiatives such as NDEP,BOI YES and YOU-WIN programmes should be sustain to help in sustaining entrepreneurial development, consistent entrepreneurial training and support should regularly be organize for micro-entrepreneurs in order to fast-track and help them grow from strength to strength.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF STUDY

In recent times entrepreneurs have been referred to as necessary pre-requisite to mobilize capital exploit natural resources and create markets to carry on trade (Harbison & myers 2004). Entrepreneurs are agents who perform a vital role in the economic growth of a country and are linked to the overall industrial development of a linked to the overall industrial development of a nation, some of this characteristics are risk-takers, decision-maker, perseverance, organizers and planner, innovative function, and Gap filling ability.

However, successive government in Nigeria has introduced various entrepreneurial developments. These programmes include Family Economic Advancement programmes (FEAP) Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAP) Green Revolution Programme (GRP) National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS) at national level, State Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (SEEDS) at state level and Local Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (LEEDS) at local government level, Poverty Alleviation Programme (PAP), and most recently, the National Poverty Eradication Programme (NAPEP).

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ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE AND MICRO ENTERPRISE SUSTENANCE IN AWKA METROPOLIS. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

FINANCIAL PROBLEMS AND SURVIVAL STRATEGIES OF SMALL SCALE ENTERPRISES IN AWKA SOUTH L.G.A, ANAMBRA STATE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

ABSTRACT

The study was carried out to examine the financial Problems and Survival Strategies of Small Scale enterprise in Aguata Local Government Area of Anambra State. The purpose of the study is to find out the financial problems and survival strategies of small and medium scale enterprises. Four research questions and four null hypotheses were raised. The sample size was 140. Questionnaire was used to collect the data. Frequency tables, percentages, and z-test were used to analyse the four hypotheses. The result revealed that small and medium scale industry face a lot of financial problems and these problems is mainly as a result difficulty in raising capital. These problems have hampered its survival. In view of these findings the researcher made some recommendations to these problems.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

Since Nigeria attained independence in 1960, considerable efforts have been directed towards the nation’s industrial development. The initial efforts were government-led through the vehicle of large industry, but lately emphasis has shifted to Small Scale Industries (SSIs) following the success of SSIs in the economic growth of Asian countries (Ojo, 2003). Thus, the recent industrial development drive in Nigeria has focused on sustainable development through small business development. Prior to this time, particularly judging from the objective of the past National 4-Year Development Plans, 1962-68 and 1981-85, emphasis had been on government-led industrialization, hinged on import-substitution.

Since 1986, government had played down its role as the major driving force of the economy by a process of commercialization and privatization (Beyene, 1999). Emphasis, therefore, shifted from large-scale industries mainly to small scale industries, which have the potentials for developing domestic linkages for rapid and sustainable industrial development.

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FINANCIAL PROBLEMS AND SURVIVAL STRATEGIES OF SMALL SCALE ENTERPRISES IN AWKA SOUTH L.G.A, ANAMBRA STATE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

INFLUENCE OF GRADUATE ENTREPRENEURSHIP FUND (GEF) ON YOUTH ECONOMIC INCLUSION: A CASE STUDY OF SELECTED BOI BENEFICIARIES IN AWKA SOUTH L.G.A OF ANAMBRA STATE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

ABSTRACT

This research work was designed to determine the influence of graduate entrepreneurship fund (GEF) on youth economic inclusion. a case study of selected BOI beneficiaries in Awka L.G.A . The objectives of the study includes to evaluate the services (financial & non-financial) rendered to the youths who are beneficiaries of GEF program, determine the effect of GEF program on graduate level of income after their participation in the GEF program, examine the efforts of GEF program in facilitating small scale enterprise among graduates, Identify challenges that limits graduates participation in the program. Descriptive survey research design was adopted using a simple random sampling to select one hundred respondents which structured questionnaire was administered. The data obtained were analyzed using simple percentage, mean and frequency tables. The study revealed that allocation of credit, provision of capital for small businesses and export promotion incentives are some of the services rendered to youths through the GEF program. Economic developments, conservation of foreign exchange, improved standard of living are the effort of GEF program in facilitating SMEs development among graduates. Lack of credit facilities, security issues, poor planning and poor state of country’s infrastructure are the challenges that limits graduate participation in the GEF program .Based on the findings, it was recommended government should encourage the growth of small business by giving them the necessary assistance as regards to fund raising and equally advise them on how to utilize it effectively and also ensure adequate provision of credit facilities through various financial institutions to aid entrepreneurship.

CHAPTER ONE

Background of the Study

The dynamic role of government agencies in the development of small and medium enterprises is an engine through which the growth and development objectives of developing nations can be achieved. These enterprises have a very important impact on the life of everybody in the society. The small independence businesses are everywhere and in every line of work; they can also be seen in every community.

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INFLUENCE OF GRADUATE ENTREPRENEURSHIP FUND (GEF) ON YOUTH ECONOMIC INCLUSION: A CASE STUDY OF SELECTED BOI BENEFICIARIES IN AWKA SOUTH L.G.A OF ANAMBRA STATE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

INFLUENCE OF PRODUCT PACKAGING ON CONSUMER BUYING PREFERENCE (A CASE STUDY OF ABA METROPOLIS). A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

ABSTRACT

The topic of this research work the Influence of Product Packaging on Consumer Buying Preference in Aba Metropolis, Abia State. This study was carried out to investigate the influence of product packaging, on the purpose of this the question experimental research design was adopted to study consumers towards various product packaging. The primary data was collected from the respondents using the questionnaire. After a critical analysis of the data collected, the hypothesis, were tested using analysis with the aid of statistical product and service solution (SPSS) packaging and the following hypothesis were realized there is a relationship between product packaging and the consumer buying preference of a products. Moderating factors to regulate the relationship between packaging and consumer buying preferences of business firm based on these findings, the following were recommended product packaging should be look upon as a cost tool or a production problem. Again product should be lease with user of their product package so as to enable them know when there is need for improvement.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Historically, management has considered product packaging only for the purpose of ascertaining the product and had assigned the role responsibility of the packaging to the production department. However modern marketing managers regard packaging as a supplementary promotional tool for their product. It has been shown that in self service store, it is packaging on product that does the selling. No wonder it is often regarded as the silent salesman.

Product packaging involves enclosing mechanism in a container for marketing display, sanitation convenience in handling and use of safety and preservation. Since 1978 when folding cartons was discovered the packaging industry has grown expansively with period of rapid expansion occurring intermittently. The major resolution mechanizing era when mass production teaching were inaugurated and individual sealed product packaging replace bulk merchandise.

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INFLUENCE OF PRODUCT PACKAGING ON CONSUMER BUYING PREFERENCE (A CASE STUDY OF ABA METROPOLIS). A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

THE ROLE OF FORMAL SCHOOL IN PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURIAL CAPACITIES IN NIGERIA. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Entrepreneurship capacities are increasingly recognized as important drivers of economic growth, productivity and employment, and as a key aspect of economic dynamism. Recent dimensions to entrepreneurship have necessitated the need for formal education for entrepreneurs. There has been consequent rapid increase in the numbers of schools (primary, secondary and tertiary) all over the world. The continuous expansion in the educational and other training institutions is part of the quest for entrepreneurial capacity building. As indicated earlier changes in manpower needs induce appropriate reactions from the human resource development agencies.

Formal education according to Bassey (2006) is a process of acculturation through which an individual is helped to develop his potentials and maximum activation in order to achieve self-fulfillment and happiness. Ajuzie (2005) sees education as an essential part of the society process employed to train the human beings to be functional and to adopt the behavioral patterns by the same society. Education is also an ever- present phenomenon in each phase of human civilization however diverse its nature in each era (Ekwosi, 2012). Embedded in these views is the role education plays in training human beings. The role of education in entrepreneurial capacity development cannot be over emphasized. Some people even see the importance of education in human development to the extent of presenting education as playing a complementary role in creation of human beings, hence they assert that God initiated creation and education completed it.

The whole value of an individual that gives him his worth and determines his relative position in his society is a function of his education no matter the type. According to Amao-keinde (2000), education, as a process, embodies all forms of activities that fit an individual for social living. It helps to transmit culture from generation to generation. The desire of every society is that the individuals in the society get developed towards the overall development of the society itself.

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THE ROLE OF FORMAL SCHOOL IN PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURIAL CAPACITIES IN NIGERIA. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

THE IMPACT OF CULTURAL FACTORS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL PERFORMANCE: SELECTED PRIVATE FIRMS. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Entrepreneurship practices exist in most countries of the world, including Nigeria. In Nigeria the development of entrepreneurship has gone a long way to achieve industrialization and economic development. Management scholars agree that although management theory and practices have universal applications, the individual and groups with which it must interact, and the external environment differs in some way. It is acknowledged by management scholars also that there are many deviations in management theory all over the world.

The attempt to discover the determinants of managerial success of entrepreneurs has always been a heart-throb among researchers of various fields of studies. Biographies of successful entrepreneurs and business men for instance reflected the tendency of the subject of such studies to explain their success in terms of virtue of hand work, thrift and clean living (Baridam 1995:15). As an alternative to biographical models are these studies that, turn the man who manipulates the omnipotent touch (Gases 1983: 20). Culture is dynamic in nature but cannot be change mechanically rather could be modified to suit a given environment. Almost every perception and behavior is guided by the human invention we call culture. Each culture shapes perception and behaviors by paving relative attention to some details of reality and ignoring others or by permitting some actions and forbidding others.

Culture which forms parts of the complex education-sociological-cultural-political-legal-economic that interact and affect that performance of productive entrepreneurs is often the less treated and less emphasized amongst these foregoing factors by business people (terpstra et al 1991: 40); this notwithstanding the fact that it forms the bedrock on which the other factors operate. Speculations dealing with the supposed effects of cultural factors of an environment on the performance of productive enterprises in that environment are on the rife.

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THE IMPACT OF CULTURAL FACTORS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL PERFORMANCE: SELECTED PRIVATE FIRMS. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

THE IMPACT OF ELECTRICAL POWER OUTAGE ON THE OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES IN KANO STATE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

Nigeria is hugely endowed with energy resources that include oil, natural gas, coal, biomass, solar, wind and hydro resources among others (Iwayemi, 2008; Onuaha, 2010). However despite this huge endowment Nigeria is also an energy deficient country whose economy suffers tremendously from the shortage of energy supply (Iwayemi, 2008). The shortage imposes huge cost on the economy and compels widespread private provision by different classes of energy users (Lee and Anas, 1998; Adenikinju, 2005). Additionally Nigerians often spend many productive hours queuing for petroleum products in the fuelling stations to buy fuel at government regulated prices because fuel supply scarcity has been a recurrent feature of the Nigerian energy market. Fuel scarcity in the economy and failing electricity supply create dual energy crisis for Nigeria (Iwayemi, 2008). Investment in back up generating facility is widespread and imposes significant costs on the economy. Small Scale businesses suffer the most from Nigeria’s energy poverty as they spend a large proportion of their capital (about 20- 25% of their investment) on back up generating facilities (Lee and Anas, 1991; Foster and Steinbuks, 2008). In fact Iwayemi, (2008) links most of the country’s economic woes including its inability to industrialize to the dismal performance of the energy sector. However power supply outages are not peculiar to developing countries alone considering the recent black outs in California and other parts of north Western United States of America. Though it has been the cardinal policy of government electricity policy and consumers desire to have power supply reliability, keeping the light on is an extremely difficult challenge (DOE, 2003) especially in a developing economy. Ukpong, (1973); Iyanda, (1982); Lee and Anas, (1991, 1992); Uchendu, (1993); Ajayi (1995), Adenikinju, (2005); Oseni and Pollit, (2013) have examined the cost of power outages and unreliable supply of electricity on firms and document firms survival strategies in Nigeria and Africa.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

This study builds on the previous studies by focusing on the small scale businesses in the North West Nigeria for many reasons. First the small scale businesses have a lot of contributions to make towards the development of the Nigerian economy in terms of providing employment and income opportunities for the people.

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THE IMPACT OF ELECTRICAL POWER OUTAGE ON THE OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES IN KANO STATE. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

IMPACT OF PURE WATER PRODUCTION ON THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA. A RESEARCH PROJECT MATERIAL ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Abstract

Almost every nook and cranny in Nigeria is littered with sachet water nylon, popularly called “pure water”, As noted by Edoga et al. (2008), about 70 percent of Nigerian adults drink at least a sachet of pure water per day resulting in about 50 to 60 million used daily across the country. this has significant impact on the economy of Nigeria.

This study recommends that the pure water business should be allowed to thrive. This is because it provides employment for labour and profitable to the owners. The study further suggest that the pure water production should be encouraged in Nigeria under a guided atmosphere such that non-registered pure water factories are not allowed to produce untreated water for human consumption, that the water source be subjected to periodic test by analysts and that pure water should be produced under hygienic condition that conforms with the standard required by the NAFDAC.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background to the Study

Water has been identified to be very important to human existence because it is very necessary for survival. A reliable supply of clean wholesome water is crucial in an attempt to promote healthy living amongst the inhabitants of a well defined geographical region (Mustapha and Adam, 1999). In an attempt to proffer solution to water problem, it was estimated that 1.2 billion people around the world does not have access to clean safe water and about 2.5 billion people are not provided with adequate sanitation (Third World Water Forum, 2003). Majority of the affected people that lack access to clean safe water and adequate sanitation are located in the developing countries because the standard industrialized global model for safe water delivery and sanitation technology is not affordable (Gadgil and Derby, 2003).

1.2 statement of the research problem

Narrowing down to Nigeria, the supply or provision of public drinking water is not reliable (Egwari and Aboaba, 2002). As a result, this has adversely affected the good health of Nigerians most especially during the dry season (Adesunkanmi and Ajao, 1986). In Nigeria, ground water and pipe borne (tap) water are the major sources of drinking water.