TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction/ Background of the study
1.1 statement of Research question
1.2 objective of the study
1.3 significance of the study
1.4 scope of the study
1.5 Limitation of the study
1.6 plan of study
1.7 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
Literature review
2.1 Establishment and growth of CBN
2.2 Nigeria Deposit insurance corporation
2.3 Liquidity versus profitability
2.4 Solvency versus liquidity
2.5 Bank Asset
2.6 Liquidity: A major constration profit maximation
2.7 Theories of bank liquidity
2.8 Source of liquidity
CHAPTER THREE
Research methodology
3.1 introduction
3.2 Determination of population
3.3 Statement of hypothesis
3.4 Selection of sample
3.5 Sources and collection of data
3.6 Validation of questionnaire
3.7 Selection of analytical method
CHAPTER FOUR
Data Analysis and summary of finding
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Analysis of data
4.3 Questionnaire analysis
4.4 Interpretation of results
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary, Recommendations and conclusion
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations
5.3 conclusions
Reference
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 EVOLUTION OF COMMERCIAL BANK IN NIGERIA
The history of banking business in Nigeria dated to the colonial era with the establishment of first commercial bank.
THE AFRICAN BANKING CORPORATION
It opened its first branch in 1892 in liver pool Dempster and co a shiping firm organized a trust and registered in liver pool with Monetary backing from British colonial government. The sole responsibility of African Banking Corporation was the distribution of bank of England notes for the British treasury.
The bank experienced some initial difficulties and eventually decided to transfer its interest to elder Dempster in 1983.
This led to the formation of a new Bank known as the British bank of west African (BBWA) in 1983 with $10,00 capital which was later increased to $100,00 during the same year. The first Lagos branch was opened in the year 1894 while the second Nigeria branch was opened in old Calabar in 1900.
During the early stage of commercial banking in Nigeria, the few available banking service were mainly and specifically provided and tailored to suit the needs and requirement of the colonial administration. In other words, banking services were largely designed and intended to serve the interest of the British government in Nigeria. During the period the British Bank of west African (1894)took over the assets and liabilities of Afican Banking Corporation. (1894). This Bank is now known and called First Bank of Nigeria Plc. It remained the sole bank until (1917) when the colonial bank Barclays bank DCO (Dominion Colonial and Oversea) now union bank of Nigeria plc enjoyed a virtual monopoly but the banking industry.
Before 1894 have become used to cowries and manila as units of monetary transaction. This means that banking system did not come to Nigeria in 1894 as a fresh experience.
This is supported by the fact that they has their small trust groups and kept money in safe places. The idea of cowries and manila was introduced by the merchants of the Royal Niger Company, the antecedent of the present U.A.C to standardize coinage system when the British Bank of West African (BBWA) was established people were very suspicious of its intention.
However, such men as kind Jaja of Opobo, Taiwo Olowo, Da-Rocha and many other to name after were largely used in getting the message across to the people (Akinosho 1984p.7)
Another Bank called the Angro-African Bank was established in 1899 in old calabar by the Royal Niger company (U.A.C) to complete with the British bank of west African (BBWA) the bank later change its name to bank of Nigeria and established branches in Buruta Lokoja and Jebba. However due to fierce competition and monopoly for the importation of silver from the Royal mint enjoyed by the british of west African in 1991. to reflect the independent status of most west African countries, the british bank of west African (BBWA changed its to bank of west african). (BWA) in 1956 owing to ownership structure of the present company (standard chartered bank plc in U.K) it again changed its name to standard bank of Nigeria Ltd in 1979 the following Nigeria acquisition of majority chares it becomes First Bank of Nigeria (FBN). Barclays Bank (DCO) joined it in 1916 and opened it branch in lagos in 1917. Barclays Bank DCO was renamed Union Bank of Nigeria Limited (UBN) after 80% Nigerian share, soon after (line (9) other branches were opened.
The British and French Bank now called the United Bank for African Plc (UBA) a subsidiary of banquet national depairs was incorporated on February 23, 1961-67 year after to take over the banking business with paid up capital of over N5 million these made it the third expartriate bank to dominate early Nigerian commercial banking.
The foreign bank comes principally to render service in connection with the international trade so their relation at that time was chiefly with the expatriate trading companies and with the government. The largely ignored the development of local African entrepreneurship. Together these three (3) banks controlled closely to 90% aggregate bank deposit from 1894 to the early 1930s. Several abortive attempts were made to established locally owned and managed bank to break foreign monopoly.
In 1929 the industrial and commercial bank was set up by a handful of patriotic Nigerian. It folded up in 1930 due to under capitalization, poor management and aggressive competition from expatriate banks.
In 1931 another indigenous bank. The Nigeria Mercantile Bank was established like its predecessor it went into liquidation in 1936, three years after another set of patriotic Nigerian like Messrs Akintola maja, theophilus, Adisa subar Akinremi Adeshinyin, Alfred latunde Johnson, Adisa Subair, akinremi Holloway and Issac Ayoola Ogunlana owned the credit of establishing
National Bank of Nigeria (NBN) with initial capital of about N10,00, making the third commercial bank indigenously owned and also the first indigenously owned bank to make a successful debit into the banking industry (it has liquidity problem but has recapitalized).
The next private indigenous bank to be established was the Agbonmagbe Bank founded by chief Okufe in 1945. the bank was taken over by the western state government in 1969 and its name was changed to WEMA Bank Plc. The fifty bank.
The Nigeria Penny Bank was set up in the early 1940s and collapsed in 1946 under the weight of mis management. This was followed by the Nigeria farmers and commercial bank in 1947 which later failed in 1952.
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