ABSTRACT
The analysis for the phytochemical composition of Cocoa pod husk was carried out using Standard Analytical method. The result of the analysis reveals that the sample contained the analyzed phytochemicals and their result were as follows; Flavonoid 13.125±0.1765, HCN 11.500±0.3536, Saponin 7.784 ± 0.0128, Tannin 8.480±0.3253 and alkaloid 1.425±0.3182. hence, the plant is recommended for therapeutical purpose.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CONTENTS PAGE
Title Page – – – – – – – – i
Certification – – – – – – – ii
Dedication – – – – – – – – iii
Acknowledgements – – – – – – iv
Abstract – – – – – – – – vi
Table of Contents – – – – – – – vii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION – – – 1
- Background of the Study – – – – – 1
- Aim and Objectives of the Study – – – 4
- Aim of the Study – – – – – – 4
- Objectives of the Study – – – – – 4
- Scope and Limitation of the Study – – – 5
- Definition of terms – – – – – – 5
- Aim and Objectives of the Study – – – 4
CHAPTER TWO:LITERATURE REVIEW – – 6
- Origin and Morphology of Cocoa – – – 6
- Potentials Health Benefits of Cocoa pod husk – 7
- Antibacterial activity and Anticarcinogenic effects – 9
- Antiviral Properties – – – – – 10
- Action on cardiovascular health – – – – 10
- Anticarcinogenic Action – – – – – 11
- Antidiabetic Activity – – – – – 12
- Application of Cocoa pod husk – – – – 12
- Natural Manure/Mulch or Fertilizers – – – 14
- Soap Production – – – – – – 14
- Animal Feed Utilization – – – – – 15
- Biofuel Production – – – – – – 15
- Activated Carbon Production – – – – 16
- Phytochemicals and their toxicity effects – – 17
- Alkaloids – – – – – – – 17
- Glycosis – – – – – – – 17
- Flavonoids – – – – – – – 20
- Saponins – – – – – – – 21
- Tannins – – – – – – – 22
- HCN (Hydrogen cyanide) – – – – 24
- Potentials Health Benefits of Cocoa pod husk – 7
CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHOD – 25
- Materials – – – – – – – 25
- Chemicals used – – – – – – 25
- Equipments used/model – – – – – 25
- Method – – – – – – – 27
- Sample Collection and Preparation – – – 27
- Data Collection and Analysis – – – – 27
- Determination of Alkaloids – – – – 27
- Determination of Flavonoid – – – – 28
- Determination of Tannins – – – – 29
- Determination of Saponin – – – – 30
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION – 31
- Results – – – – – – – 31
- Discussion – – – – – – – 32
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS – – – – – 35
- Conclusion – – – – – – – 35
- Recommendations – – – – – – 36
References
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Medicinal plants have been the mainstay of traditional herbal medicine amongst rural dwellers worldwide since antiquity to date. The therapeutic use of plants certainly goes back to the Sumerian and the Akkadian civilizations in about the third millenium BC. Hippocrates (ca. 460–377 BC), one of the ancient authors who described medicinal natural products of plant and animal origins, listed approximately 400 different plant species for medicinal purposes. Natural products have been an integral part of the ancient traditional medicine systems, e.g. Chinese, Ayurvedic and Egyptian (Sarker and Nahar, 2007). Over the years they have assumed a very central stage in modern civilization as natural source of chemotherapy as well as amongst scientist in search for alternative sources of drugs. About 3.4 billion people in the developing world depend on plant-based traditional medicines. This represents about 88 per cent of the world’s inhabitants, who rely mainly on traditional medicine for their primary health care. According to the World Health Organization, a medicinal plant is any plant which, in one or more of its organs, contains substances that can be used for therapeutic purposes, or which are precursors for chemo-pharmaceutical semi synthesis. Such a plant will have its parts including leaves, roots, rhizomes, stems, barks, flowers, fruits, grains or seeds, employed in the control or treatment of a disease condition and therefore contains chemical components that are medically active. These non-nutrient plant chemical compounds or bioactive components are often referred to as phytochemicals