THE APPLICATION OF SIZE REDUCTION. A RESEARCH PROJECT TOPICS ON CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
ABSTRACT
This seminar is basically on application of size reduction in chemical industries. It’s main aim is to know where size reduction can be applied in industries, to find out the various equipments for the reduction and also the type of product for a particular equipment. The knowledge of this will help us know not just were size reduction. The knowledge of this will help us know not just where size reduction is applied in chemical industries but also the different sizes of sieves (size reduction on equipment) and their respective products for size reduction. It’s main objective are: increase in reactivity (chemical) of solid, improvement of solvent efficiency, easy handling of materials for free flow of materials, permits separation of impurities by chemical methods and increase the number (numerical strength) of the material. Size reduction which is a mechanical process that involves the breaking or cutting down of solid particles into smaller units, it’s applied virtually in all works of life. If plays important role in the production of a wide range of product from foods and pharmaceuticals to mineral and chemical to optimize selection of mineral and chemical to optimize selection for a given product to process. The engineers needs size reduction to increase the surface area of materials. All rely on size reduction. It’s uses includes grinding polymers for recycling, improving, extraction of valuable constituent from ores, facilitating separation of grain components, boosting the biological availability of medications and producing particles of an appropriate size for a given use. Before one embarks in size reduction, knowing the properties of the material to be size reduced is essential. The most important characteristic governing size reduction is hardness because almost all size reduction techniques involves creating new surface area, and this requires adding energy proportional to the bonds holding the feed particles. Size reduction occurs as a result of fracture. The force that creates this fraction initially creates small flaws in the material. If the energy concentration exceeds a certain critical valve in relation to the bond strength of the material, these flaws will grow readily and producing many move branches. If the force is maintained for a sufficient time, the particle breaks into smaller units the product ranges from coarse, intermediate to fine particles. In conclusion, application of size reduction in chemical industries is essential to increase reactivity of solids, improvement of solvent efficiency e.t.c due to size reduction, it brings about increase in the surface area to fasten reaction and also easy flow of products.
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Size reduction is simply the process of reducing/minimizing the particle size of a substance to a finer state of sub-division to smaller pieces, to coarse particles or to powder (fine particles).
The term size reduction is applied into all the ways in which particles of solid are cut down or broken into smaller pieces. This solid are reduced by different method for different purposes. Chunks of crude are crushed to workable size, synthetic chemicals are ground into powder.
Today, size reduction plays an important role in the production of a wide range of product from foods and pharmaceutical to process. The engineer needs the reason that size reduction or combination is usually carried out; to increase the surface area of the material. This will help maximize the area of solid in contact with liquid or gas phase around it, which enhances reaction, dissolution, catalytic effect etc.