CONSTRUCTION OF FLOW NOZZLE. A RESEARCH PROJECT TOPICS ON CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
ABSTRACT
The project title “fabrication of flow nozzle” was done by a selected group of ND II Chemical Engineering Students and the practiced objective (aim) of the project was centered on constructing a nozzle that is capable of transporting fluid from one to the other, to determine the charge in velocity of the moving fluid across two given areas of the nozzle and to be able to measure the quantity of fluid that will flow through the nozzle for a given period of time.
However, the construction of the nozzle was done with materials obtainable locally and the science of operation carried out in constructing the nozzle was; cleaning, marking out, cutting off, drilling, folding, centre punching, assembling, welding, filling, testing and painting.
The flow nozzle was constructed based on the following specifications and dimensions;
Throat Diameter 60mm
The diameter of the duct pipe 140mm
The length of the up stream pipe 200mm
The thickness of the nozzle 3.8mm
The length of the down stream pipe 200mm
The height of the nozzle 820mm
The length of the nozzle 690mm
The size of the pressure valves ½ inch
Furthermore, the selection of materials for the construction of this flow nozzle was based on the factors which includes; ductility, malleability, fabricability, mechanical strength and stability, availability, corrosion resistance and lastly cost factor.
Finally, the constructed flow nozzle and all other expenses cost N8,000.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
A nozzle is defined as a device in which the kinetic energy of a fluid is measured in an adiabatic process. A nozzle can also be referred to as a duct of smoothly, varying cross – sectional area in which a steadily flowing fluids can be made to accelerate by a pressure drop along the required duct. There are many applications in practice which require a high velocity steam of fluids and the nozzle is the best means of obtaining this. for example, nozzles are used in steam and gas turbines, in jet engines, in rocket motors, in flow measurement, and in many other applications. There are various type of nozzles namely; the convergent nozzle, the divergent nozzle, and the sizes of these nozzles affect the fluid flow either in one way or other (i.e increasing or decreasing the flow rates).
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