ABSTRACT
The study was carried out to determine the effect of administration of ethanol leaves extracts of Mangiferaindica and Gongronemalatifolium on serum albumin and globulin levels in normal albino wistar rats. Sixteen (16) male albino wistar rats (185 – 221g) were randomly assigned four groups of four rats each. Groups 1 and 3 were treated with 200mg/kg Mangiferaindica and Gongronemalatifolium leaves extracts respectively, and group 2 was treated with 200mg/kg of the combined extracts at 50:50 dosage ratio, while the remaining group served as control without extract administration. All animals were allowed free access to commercial rat mash with distilled water throughout the 21 days of extracts administration. The results of mean serum albumin levels in the treated group recorded significant increase when compared to the control (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the treatment groups 2 and 3 when compared to group the control (P > 0.05). Non significant increase in serum albumin levels was seen in groups 2 and 3 when compared to group 1 (P > 0.05). Group 3 recorded significant decrease in the mean serum globulin levels when compared to group 1 and 2 (P < 0.05), and when compared to the control (P < 0.05). Group 1 showed no significant difference in serum globulin level when compared to the control (P > 0.05). Significant decrease in group 2 was observed when compared to the control (P < 0.05). However, the implications of these results are well discussed.
Keywords:Mangiferaindica, Gongronemalatifolium, albumin, globulin, albino rats.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CONTENTS PAGE
TITLE PAGE – – – – – – – I
CERTIFICATION – – – – – – II
DEDICATION – – – – – – – III
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS – – – – – IV
ABSTRACT – – – – – – V
TABLE OF CONTENTS – – – – – – VI
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION – – – 1
1.1 Background of the Study – – – – – 1
1.2 Aim and Objectives of the Study – – – – 5
1.2.1 Aim of the Study – – – – – – 5
1.2.2 Objectives of the Study – – – – – 6
1.3 Scope and Limitations of the study – – – 6
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW – – 7
- Description of the Plants – – – – – 7
- Description of Mangiferaindica Plant – – – 7
- Description of Gongronemalatifolium Plant – – 9
- Classification of the Plants – – – – 10
- Classification of Mangiferaindica Plant – – 10
- Classification of Gongronemalatifolium Plant – 11
- Medicinal values of the Plants – – – – 12
- Medicinal value of Mangiferaindica Plant – – 12
- Medicinal value of Gongronemalatifolium Plant – 19
- Proteins and their Biochemical Functions – – 24
- Globulin and Biochemical Functions – – – 24
- Albumin and Biochemical Functions – – – 26
- Effects of Phytochemicals in Human Health. – – 29
- Phytochemical Composition of Mangifera
indica Plant – – – – – – – 29
- Phytochemical Composition of Gongronema
latifolium Plant – – – – – – 31
CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS – 34
3.1 Material and Reagents – – – – – 34
3.1.1 Collection and Preparation of the Plant Samples – 35
3.1.2 Experimental Design, Grouping and
Treatment of Animal – – – – – 36
3.1.3 Collection and preservation of blood Samples – 37
3.2 Methods – – – – – – – 38
3.2.1 Determination of Serum Globulin – – – 38
3.2.2 Determination of Serum Albumin – – – 39
3.3 Statistical Analysis – – – – – – 40
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION – 41
4.1 Results – – – – – – – 42
4.2 Discussion – – – – – – – 42
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS – – – – – 48
5.1 Conclusion – – – – – – – 48
5.2 Recommendations – – – – – – 48
References
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study Plants have been used for food, medicine, building materials and fuel for many centuries until now. The world health organization noted that of the 119 plants derived pharmaceutical drugs, 74% are used in modern medicine in ways that correlated directly with their traditional uses as herbal plant medicine by native culture (Adebayo et al., 2016). WHO estimated that about 80% of the world population presently use herbal medicine for some aspects of their primary health roles in the health care needs while plant products also play important roles in the health care system of the remaining 20%, who mainly reside in developed countries (Hoareau and Silva, 2000). Medicinal plants have been sources of a number of important compounds which have been discovered during the last century (Abebayoet al., 2006). In the light of their established therapeutic efficacy, the pharmaceutical industries are using crude extracts of medicinal plants for manufacturing drugs (Meskin, 2002).