TABLES OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE
Fly Leaf
Title Page – – – – – – – i
Certification – – – – – – ii
Dedication – – – – – – – iii
Acknowledgements- – – – – – iv
Table of Contents – – – – – – v-vii
List of Tables – – – – – – viii
List of Appendices – – – – – ix
Abstract – – – – – – – x
- INTRODUCTION – – – – – 1
- Background of the Study – – – – 1-5
- Statement of the Study – – – – – 6
- Objectives of the Study – – – – – 7
- Research Questions- – – – – – 7
- Scope of the Study- – – – – – 8
- Significance of the Study – – – – 8
- Limitations of the Study – – – –
- Definition of Terms – – – – – 9
- REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE – 10
- Concept of News – – – – – – 10-11
- Concept of News Commercialization – – – 11-14
- Implication of News Commercialization – – 14-17
- Ethical Implication of News Commercialization
by Journalist – – – – – – 17-19
- News Commercialization in Nigeria – – – 19-21
- Levels of Broadcast News Commercialization
in Nigeria – – – – – – – 21-26
- Reasons why News Commercialization Thrive
in Nigeria – – – – – – – 26-27
- Element of News – – – – – 27-30
- Concept of Mass Media – – – – – 30-31
- Concept of Broadcast Media – – – – 31-33
- Theoretical Framework – – – – 34
- The Development (Media) Theory – – – 34-35
- Social Responsibility Theory – – – – 35-36
- Review of Study – – – – – – 36-39
- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY – – – 39
- Research Design – – – – – – 39
- Population of the Study – – – – – 39
- Sample and Sampling Procedure – – – 39
- Instrument for Data Collection – – – – 40
- Validity and Reliability – – – – – 41
- Method of Data Presentation and Analysis – 41
- DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND
DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS – – – – 42
- Data Presentation and Analysis – – – 42-48
- Discussion of Findings – – – – – 48-50
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION – – – – 51
- Summary – – – – – – – 51-52
- Conclusions – – – – – – – 52
- Recommendations – – – – – – 52-53
References
Appendix/Appendices
ABSTRACT
The study focused on effects of news commercialization on journalism practice using broadcast journalist in Uyo as a case study. The objectives of the study are: to find out the extent broadcast journalist in Uyo are aware of news commercialization in organizations, to advance the reasons broadcast organizations commercialize news, to ascertain the extent news commercialization affects journalism practice in Uyo and to establish the direction of effect of news commercialization practice in Uyo. The study employed survey research design and adopted a census sampling technique to select the sample of 250 respondents for the study. Questionnaire was main source of data collection. Data collected were analyzed using simple percentage method. Findings revealed that; the extent of respondent’s awareness of news commercialization in Uyo is high which helps in proper news dissemination, majority of the respondents find news commercialization as a way of making money to meet up with the societal demands, the extent of news commercialization effect on journalism practice is of great importance; the direction and effect of news commercialization of journalism practice are poor news, lack of credible news and violation of code of conduct. The study concludes that news commercialization is a practice that has come to stay in Nigeria media houses. The study recommended that there should be strict adherence to the ethics and code of conduct of journalism.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
- Background of the Study
The broadcast media in any society are regarded as the purveyors of cultures which they transmit from generation to generation. One of the means through which this activity is carried out is by news gathering and dissemination function. The broadcast media are tools for mass communication which have unique responsibilities to keep members of the society informed, educated and entertained, it is through them that the society gets to know what is happening within and around the country and react accordingly (Mark, 2015). The basic functions of the broadcast media according to Uke (2014) are to act as a watchdog they are expected to mount surveillance over the environment and correlate the components of the society to ensure effective functioning of the system which will assist in the transmission of the social heritage from generation to generation.
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The broadcast media make use of several methods of collecting and disseminating information which include: straight news reporting, interpretation reporting and investigative reporting (Uzo, 2014). However, in a situation where news selection is based on material gratification instead of public goals and interest has continued to raise concerns on the news credibility in the broadcast media. The forgoing has made the emergence of a new concept possible. This is referred to as news commercialization. Ekpo (2016), defines news commercialization as a phenomenon whereby the electronic media report as news or news analysis a commercial message by an unknown and unidentifiable sponsor, giving the audience the impression that the news is fair, objective and socially responsible. The rate of commercialization of public news has continued to increase and raised more concerns as it is against the ethics and conduct of journalism. It is on this note that the research is examining the effects of news commercialization on journalism practice with special focus on broadcast journalists in Uyo.