INFLUENCE OF FATHERING STYLE ON SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT AMONG ADOLESCENTS. A RESEARCH PROJECT TOPICS ON GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING
ABSTRACT
This study examined the influence of fathering style on social adjustment among adolescents in Surulere LED of Lagos State.
Four hypotheses were formulated to guide the study.
To achieve this aim, the researcher formulated four hypothesis to guide the study:
There is no significant influence of fathering styles on social adjustment of adolescents.
There is no significant impact of fathering styles on proneness to early pregnancy among female adolescents.
There is no significant cultural impact on fathering style on social adjustment of adolescents.
There is no significant influence of religious impact of fathering style on social adjustment of adolescents.
The sample comprised two hundred (200) participants selected through stratified random sampling from four senior secondary schools in Surulere LED of Lagos State. A well structured questionnaire was administered and used to solicit responses from the respondents.
The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyse the result at 0.05 level of significance. Fisher’s protected t-test formular was used to do a pairwise comparison of differences in-group means (X) resulting from influence of fathering styles on social adjustment of adolescents. The result of the data analysis obtained indicated as follows:
There is significant influence of fathering styles on social adjustment of adolescents. It was also found out that there is no significant religious impact in fathering style of social adjustment of adolescents.
CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction Early pregnancy is a situation whereby a girl-child is impregnated as a result of premarital sexual activity. Many girls these days are in the habit of being involved in premarital sexual acts due to civilization and education. There is no doubt that the traditional values have been overthrown in favour of liberal sexual attitude. According to Abe (1996), 63% of adolescents do not think that virginity was important, but old-fashioned recreational sex seems to be the way of many youths and the resultant effect of early pregnancy, abortion and consequently death or destruction of the reproductive organs. Nwobi (1997) describes the family as the network of persons intimately held together by a bond of social or blood relationship. The family comprises the father as head and breadwinner, the children who must take orders or directions from the father. Therefore, for the father to raise meaningful and responsible children in the society the needs to adopt a certain style of leadership or parenting. 1.1 Theoretical Background Arione, (1994) used two typologies to describe fathering styles: demandingness and responsiveness; that when crossed yields four fathering styles. According to Arione, authoritative fathers are both responsive and demanding. They set clear reasonable standards for responsible behaviour that are consistent with children’s development and provide explanation for their positions. They are also kind, warm, loving and responsive to children’s needs and will negotiate their expectations. Authoritarian fathers are only demanding but not responsive. They only place values on obedience to rules and discourage give-and-take between father and child and do not take their children’s needs into consideration. Permissive fathers are also indulging, they are responsive but not demanding. These fathers are warm, accepting and tolerant of the child’s impulses. They also make few demands on the child for mature behaviour, but do not use much or no punishment and avoid exerting their authorities. More recently, permissive fathers have been separated from neglecting-rejecting ones, who also do not make many demands because they are disengaged and they are neither demanding nor responsive.
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