TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE
Fly Leaf
Title Page – – – – – – – i
Certification – – – – – – – ii
Dedication – – – – – – – iii
Acknowledgements – – – – – iv-v
Table of Contents – – – – – – vi-viii
List of Tables – – – – – – ix
List of Appendices – – – – – x
Abstract – – – – – – – xi
1.0 INTRODUCTION – – – – – 1
- Background of the Study – – – – – 1-4
- Statement of the Problem – – – – – 4-5
- Objectives of the Study – – – – – 6
- Research Questions – – – – – 6
- Scope of the Study – – – – – – 7
- Significance of the Study – – – – – 7
- Limitations of the Study – – – – – 7-8
- Definition of Terms – – – – – 8-9
2.0 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE – – 10
2.1 History of Television – – – – – 10-12
2.1.2 Functions of Television to the Society – – 12
2.1.3 Functions of Television to Individuals – – 14
2.1.4 Characteristics of Television – – – – 14-15
2.1.5 Types of Television Programmes – – – 16
2.2 The Concept and Values of News – – – – 17-18
2.2.2 New Values – – – – – – 18-19
2.2.3 Qualities and Audience Perception of News – – 19-20
2.2.4 Audience Perception of News – – – – 20-21
2.2.5 Origin and Why News Commercialization Thrive
in Nigeria – – – – – – – 21-23
2.3 Concept and Characteristics of Mass Audience – 23-24
2.3.2 Classification of Mass Audience – – – 24
2.4 Theoretical Framework – – – – – 24-27
2.5 Review of Study – – – – – – 27-39
3.0 RESEARCH MOTHOLOGY – – – – 30
3.1 Research Design – – – – – – 30
3.2 Population of the Study – – – – – 30
3.3 Sample and Sampling Procedure – – – 31
3.4 Instrument for Data Collection – – – – 32
3.5 Method of Data Collection – – – – 32
3.6 Validity and Reliability of Instrument – – – 33
3.7 Methods of Data Presentation and Analysis – – 33
4.0 DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND
DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS – – – 34
4.1 Data Presentation and Analysis – – – – 34-44
4.3 Discussion of Findings – – – – – 45-48
5.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary – – – – – – – 49-50
5.2 Conclusion – – – – – – – 51
5.3 Recommendations – – – – – 51-52
References
ABSTRACT
The mass media in any society are regarded as the purveyors of national cultures which they transmitted from generation to generation, one of the means through which this activity is carried out is by news gathering and disseminating function of the mass media, in situations where news are selected and presented based on material gratification instead of public goal and interest turns to be a problem. This research was undertaken to examine Ikot Ekpene audience perception of AKBC television news commercialization. Among the objectives of this study was to find out the implications of news commercialization by AKBC television and the views of Ikot Ekpene audience towards news commercialization by AKBC television, a survey method was used for the study and the cluster and simple random sampling techniques were used to draw the sample size of 386 for the study, both primary and secondary sources were used to collect data. Findings revealed that news commercialization has allowed paid announcement to take the place of news in AKBC television as a result has many negative implications such as; objectivity and fairness of news is not guaranteed abusing the ethics of journalism and other implications. It was concluded that news commercialization negates ethical practices and that news no longer become a sacred issue. It recommended that television stations should find other means of making profit such as; advertisement and that certain types of news should not be paid for by news owners.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
- Background of the Study
News is a very important tool that aids in societal development, it is the act of keeping the public informed and bringing to full knowledge what was in the dark to light. It is the act of giving an account of occurrence in the society to the audience.
According to McQuail (1992) News was a selective, socially manufactured product with the power to determine and define events. Not every occurrence is necessarily news, he wrote. His argument was based on the motion that the “gate keepers” who are the journalists and editors decide what news is and how it should be reported and disseminated. News is seen as a timely reportage of events that are of interest and significant to the people and the society at large, it is something the audience did not know previously about until the journalist gives it to them. News is what the journalist says it is because without the reporter reporting the occurrence, it cannot be regarded as news.
Life appears to be a shapeless jumble of events, falling over each other, elbowing and jostling each other. Journalists each day structure this chaos, sort out and neatly package them into stories so that the public receives them the same day on the different media.