CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Anger is one of our most necessary and powerful emotions. It can be a vital tool for survival and can cause significant diiculties in remained for long run persistently knocking mind associated with thinking, feeling, behavior, and relationship [Videbeck SL 2012]. It is an emotion that involves a strong uncomfortable and awkward response to a perceived provocation, hurt or threat [Videbeck SL 2012]. When personal boundaries get demolished than anger get aroused and some even show coping anger can occur when a person feels their personal boundaries are being or going to be violated. Some have a learned tendency to react to anger through retaliation as a way of and some even show coping behavior. Plethora of literature has been published by Raymond Novaco of UC Irvine, since 1975 on the subject, layering anger into three modalities: Cognitive (appraisal), somatic-affective (tension and agitations), and behavioral (withdrawal and antagonism) [Novaco RW 2013]. William DeFoore, an anger-management writer, described anger as an example of pressure that can only be applied up to limit with time boundary if exceeded it will burst and destroy everything [DeFoore W. 2010]. A person experiencing anger will also activates emotional literacy to any harmful disturbances that impacts on the different body system resulting into alteration in physiological conditions, such as increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and increased level of adrenaline and noradrenalin due to sympathetic discharge that is matched physiologically to cover up body systemic balance to fear, hurt or sadness. Some view anger as an emotion which triggers part of the fight or flight response [Harris W, Schoenfeld 2009]. Anger is naturally a warning to guide our self from fear, hurt or sadness physiologically or cognitively or behaviorally on the external threatening exposure by action opted on choice such as facial expressions, biological response and later public acts of aggression or body language [DiGiuseppe R 2012]. Animals, for example, make loud growling sounds, physically become larger, bare and crush their teeth, and stare [Morris D 2011]. All these changes are made as a warning to stop aggressor to their threatening behavior. Physical altercation is rare without the prior expression of anger while most of those lose self-monitoring capacity and observability [Novaco RW. 2010]. Modern psychologists believes that anger has a functional value for survival and is a primary, natural, and mature emotion felt by virtually all humans at any moment can negatively affect personal or social wellbeing [Fiero JW 2011] and impact negatively both on the body and in the mind if it remained insidiously [Kemp S, Strongman KT. 2011].
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