CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL OVER VIEW OF THE STUDY
In general monetary policy refers to the combination of matures designed to regulate the value, supply and cost of money in all company, in consonance with the level of economic activity. And excess supply of money which will result in an demanded for goods and services will cause rising price and / or a deterioration of the balance of payment position. On the other hand, an inadequate supply of money could in due stagnation in the economy and there by retained growth and development-
Consequently, the central bank or the central monetary authority must attempt to keep the money supply growing at an appropriate rate to ensure sustainable economic growth and to maintain internal and external stability.
The discretionary control of the money stock by the central monetary authority, thus, involves the expansion or contraction of money influencing interest rates to make money influencing interest rates o make money cheaper or more expensive depending on the prevailing economic conditions and the channeling of money to priority sectors.
In a nutshell, the aims of monetary policy are basically to control inflation, maintain a healthy balance of payments position for the country in order to safeguard the external values of the national currency and promote an adequate an sustainable level of economic growth and development. The techniques by which the monetary authority tries to achieve the above objectives can be classified normally its two categories, the direct or portfolio control approach and indirect or market intervention.
In another development fiscal policy has its own measures, which aid in checking the causes of inflation in the economy. Such as the use of fiscal policy as a means of increasing economic activities and the use of fiscal policy as means of reducing economic activities, however, the researcher expatiates more of monetary policy due to its direct relationship towards inflationary tred.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Over the years various policy measure have been formulated and implemented to achieve macro economic performance of the economy. Specially, certain monetary instruments have been employed from time to time to achieve economic growth control inflation and money supply in the economy. The policy instruments appeared to be more direct in nature.
However, these policy measure have not recorded the desired impact therefore the people stems from non performance of these measure. In the course of the study the researcher shall try to examine the following the problems of monitoring and enforcing the desired targets. The problems of harmonization of fiscal and monetary policies are there any possible constraints and prospect in the use of this policies in Nigeria.