CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Corruption is as old as man and equally dynamic. Corruption made it visible when the institution of the government was founded due the behaviour of people appoint or elect to manage the government institutions (Anyanwu, 2002; Idomeh, 2006). Financial corruption has been seen as worldwide phenomena. It has to do with all human races irrespective of their communal and economical standing. It’s common and rampant in public sector and its basis of slow development in Nigeria public sector environment. (Mukoro, Yamusa and Faboyede, 2013) posited that financial crime includes money laundering, bribery, looting, embezzlement, fraud; tax evasion, foreign exchange malpractice and oil bunkering. Recently in Nigeria public debates is being centred on the increasing rate of corruption resulting from inappropriate public finance planning and implementation mostly in some of the developing countries, Nigeria inclusive which in turn reduce the level of economic growth in the country. Financial corruption in particular, is among the largest challenges facing the world at large today. Though, it may be difficult to qualify how much is being lost to financial corruption as a whole, it is generally believed that losses are growing steadily while annual or monthly losses are estimated to be in thousands or millions of naira. Advancement in technology has opened up many possibilities for criminal, to carry out financial crimes and corruption in new ways thereby complicating the main of the crime and corruption. Besides taking advantage of technology, weak controls in the financial system and minimal enforcement activity for financial crimes allow criminals to take advantage of the financial system. The corrupt practices and other related offences, Act (2000) says corruption “includes bribery, fraud and other related offences” while Act vision (2010) committee in its report explains corruption as “all these improper actions or transactions aimed at changing the normal course of events, judgment and position of trust.” However, corruption is a universal disease and every organisation is making effort to fight it and the fact that much corruption in organizations had affected the objectives and goals of a firm. This study will explain the general corruption practices and financial corruptions in Nigeria, the trend since before the establishment and hindrance these have constituted for the development of the firms
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