ABSTRACT
Experiment was carried out in the department of Genetics and Biotechnology to evaluate the antisickling activity of two local plants (Vernonia amygdalina and Ocimum basilicum). Blood was gotten from six (6) sickle cell patients ranging from six (6) to twenty five years (25) that were not at crisis. Blood(0.5ml)was mixed with sodium metabisulphite salt and aqueous extract of plant materials to evaluate the inhibition and reversal time. Result showed that at (10mg/ml) concentration, Ocimum basilicum inhibited 47 cells while Vernonia amygdalina inhibited 45 cells after five minutes. Furthermore at the same concentration and time, Ocimum basilicum reversed 23 cells while Vernonia amygdalina reversed 20 cells. It was thus concluded that Ocimum basilicum was effective over Vernonia amygdalina in the management of sickle cell disease and its implication in drug development.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
CERTIFICATION
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study
1.2 Justification
1.3 Objectives
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Background and Traditional Application of Vernonia amygdalina.
2.2. Bioactivities of Vernonia amygadalina
2.2.1 Anti Bacterial Activities Of Vernonia amygdalina
2.2.2 Antifungal Activities Of Vernonia amygdalina
2.2.3 Antiviral Activity of Vernonia amygdalina
2.2.4 Antimutagenic Properties Of Vernonia amygdalina
2.2.5 Anti parasitic activity of Vernonia amygdalina
2.3. Bioactivities of Ocimum basilicum
2.3.1 Rich in Antibacterial properties
2.3.2 Rich In Antioxidant
2.3.3 Reduce Inflamation And Swelling
CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 Experimental site
3.2 Source of Experimental materials:
3.3 Collection and Preparation of Blood Sample
3.4 Preparation for plant materials
3.5 Extraction
3.6. Bioassay of Plants Extract for Antisickling Activity
3.7 Experimental Design/Layout
3.8 Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Result
4.2 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
Recommendation
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study
Sickle cell disease (SCD), also known as drepanocytosis, is a genetic blood disorder in which red blood cells form an abnormal sickle or crescent shape. This genetic disease is due to a mutation in the β-globin chain in which the seventeenth (17th) nucleotide is changed from thymine to adenine and the sixth (6th) amino acid in the β-globin chain of hemoglobin whereby glutamic acid, a polar amino acid, is replaced by valine, a non-polar acid. This mutation decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. At low oxygen tension, the mutant hemoglobin S polymerizes inside the red blood cell leading to a severe decrease in the red cell deformability.
Polymerization and precipitation of hemoglobin S within the red blood cell cause the change of their shape from their normal disc-like into one resembling a sickle. (Mehhana, 2001: Bender, 1993).