EFFECT OF ADSORBENT DOSAGE ON THE REMOVAL OF COPPER IONS FROM ITS AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING Arachis hypogea SEED SHELL
ABSTRACT
In this research work, Arachis hypogeal seed shell has been utilized as a low cost adsorbent for the removal of copper ions from its aqueous solution using batch experiments. The effect of operating parameters such as adsorbent dose, initial concentration, contact time, pH and temperature were studied. The results showed that the adsorption rate of heavy metals ions (copper) increased gradually with the pH increase. The results also revealed that the adsorption rate increased with the adsorbent dosage. Finally, it was found that the ion made from Arachis hypogeal seed shell can be effectively used in the reduction of copper from aqueous solution.
Table of Content
Title page … … … … … … … … i
Certification … … … … … … … … ii
Dedication … … … … … … … … iii
Acknowledgments … … … … … … … iv-v
Abstract … … … … … … … … vi
Table of content … … … … … … … vii-ix
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction … … … … … … … 1-3
1.1 Background of the Study … … … … … 3-5
1.2 Aim and Objectives … … … … … 5
1.3 Scope and Limitation … … … … … 6
1.4 Definition of Terms … … … … … 6
1.4.1 Absorbent … … … … … … … 6
1.4.2 Copper … … … … … … … 6
1.4.3 Groundnut … … … … … … … 7
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review … … … … … … 8
2.1 History … … … … … … … 8-9
2.2 Description of Groundnut … … … … 9-10
2.2.1 Parts of Groundnut … … … … … … 10-11
2.2.2 Classification of Groundnut … … … … 11
2.3 Industrial uses of Groundunt … … … … 11-12
2.4 Groundnut seed Shell … … … … … 12-13
2.5 Nutritional value … … … … … … 13-15
2.6 Groundnut Seed shell as an Absorbent … … … 15-16
2.7 Types of Absorption … … … … … 16
2.7.1 Chemical Absorption … … … … … 17
2.7.2 Physical Absorption … … … … … 17
2.8 Types of Adsorbent … … … … … 17-20
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials and Method … … … … … 21
3.1 Materials … … … … … … … 21
3.2 Sample collection and preparation … … … 21
3.3 Adsorption study … … … … … … 21-22
3.3.1 Effect of Adsorping dosage … … … … 22
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Results and Discussion … … … … … 23
4.1 Results … … … … … … … 23-24
4.2 Discussions … … … … … … … 25-26
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation … … 27
5.1 Summary … … … … … … … 27
5.2 Conclusion … … … … … … … 28-29
5.2 Recommendations … … … … … … 29
References
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Over the last few decades environmental pollution caused by anthropogenic activities has increased exponentially and has reached alarming levels in terms of adverse effects on living organisms (Renge et al., 2012). Human activities such as mining, waste accumulation, industrial activities and the use of agro-chemicals (Fertilizers and pesticides) have caused extensive contamination of both surface and ground water with toxic heavy metals (Clemente et al., 2007). Heavy metal discharge into aquatic ecosystems is a matter concern. It is known that 11 metals namely Pb, Cr, Hg, Ur, Se, Zn, As, Cd, Co, and Ni out of the 20 classified metals are referred to as toxic and are released into the environment in quantities which pose serious risks to human health (Johnson et al., 2008).
Copper is a hazardous heavy metal that is used in various industries such as smelting, plating, electroplating, manufacture of brass and copper based agro-chemicals though copper at a lower concentration is essential for living organisms, at a higher concentration, it becomes potentially toxic. Copper toxicity, also called copperiedus, refers to the consequences of excess of copper in the body, copper toxicity can occur as a result of intake of food and water containing excess copper.
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