ABSTRACT
Global criminal organizations that profit from technological advancements in a globalized environment engage in substantial cross-border activity. Global crimes are triggered by a variety of circumstances, including economic instability, corruption, unemployment, a lack of knowledge, political vacuums, and legal gaps. It’s a personal and societal issue that’s turned into a national and worldwide security danger.
Drug trafficking, migrant trafficking, historical artefact smuggling, cigarette and alcohol trafficking, human trafficking, weapons and ammunition smuggling, money laundering, and, more recently, cyber-crime have all been areas of operation for global criminal organizations.
Global crimes now pose a danger to all governments. When the billions of dollars traded by these criminal organizations exceed the yearly budgets of developing nations, it is apparent that they not only pose a security danger, but also have the potential to harm a country’s economic and social growth. It is also evident that most governments will be unable to combat cross-border global crime without working together. Only a multi-dimensional approach and international collaboration can be used to combat global criminal gangs.
However, due to accompanying issues such as a country’s insufficient legislative framework, limited capacity and insufficiency of the police force in terms of personnel, budget, and substructure, lack of coordination among the responsible institutions, insufficient numbers of contact persons for international combat purposes, and a lack of qualified or educated personnel, the type of combat strategy required varies from country to country.
The goal of this study was to provide a critical analysis of globalized crime in Cameroon’s political economy. A case study of tiko municipality by considering the perceptions of law enforcement officers and assessing how the government is conceptualizing these threats, and developing programs that meet the needs of the participants.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Globalization is a term that refers to the process of increased transnational connection and integration of peoples, cultures, countries, and other entities all over the world. Globalization has had unexpected (both positive and negative) consequences in almost every aspect of our lives, including knowledge production, education, and training.
Jones (2000) highlighted the contradictions between globalization and internationalism, the promotion of global peace via intergovernmental connections, and how these tensions manifest themselves in the educational strategies of international organizations (IOs) such as UNICEF, UNITAR, and the World Bank
(World Bank). One feature of globalization is seen in the funding sources for these IOs and educational programs.
While globalization offers many benefits and advantages, it also has drawbacks, such as rising global terror and the illegal drug trade, which poses a security danger to communities across the world. As a result of these negative repercussions of globalization, IOs are concentrating on how they might assist nations in improving their internal security mechanisms, which are in place to address security issues.
Since the turn of the twentieth century, globalized crime has been a major global issue that has yet to be resolved. Globalized crime has an influence on West Africa, which has a high volume of transportation and is home to a number of nations. According to statistics received from Cameroon, the largest country in West Africa, the Cameroon police handled 32.933 incidents of globalized crime in 2013. It is a rise over the previous year, when there were just 21.457 instances. R. Agnew (2005). The research indicates that globalized crime is a big problem in today’s world of globalization. Offenses involving more than one country’s conception, prevention, and/or direct or indirect repercussions are referred to as globalized crime. Organized crime groups, according to the United Nations (UN), are made up of “three or more individuals who have been working together for a length of time with the goal of committing one or more significant crimes or offenses.” “Globalized Crime: Definitions and Concepts,” by Gerhard O. W. Mueller, published in 1998. Organized crime on a global scale, Vol. 4, Autumn/ Numbers 3&4. 2 or other material benefit.”3 As a whole, Africa has some of the world’s fastest growing economies and globalization, it is in line with the development of a crime what so-called as Globalized crime. The fundamental factors underlying the growth and increasingly international character of Globalized crime are the technological explosion and economic boom of the post-second World War period as well as the current geopolitical situation, which has been rapidly evolving since the collapse of the socialist world. Globalized crimes which include the non-traditional threat have become a threat to countries in the African region. It was just begun when the African economic crisis in 1998 that led to the rise of criminal cases in the West African area. Globalized crime has the potential of eroding this central belief thereby affecting the political, economic and social well-being of West Africa. If the globalization era emerged or developed past few years, criminals had long ago used the concept of globalization without being confronted by rules of law even that occurred in a wide range of countries in the 3 The United Nations Convention Against Globalized Organized Crime.