CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Malnutrition has been a persistent problem in Africa especially Nigeria. The most important area of deficiency is in the intake of animal proteins. Guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) meat and egg contribute immensely to the alleviation of this animal protein deficiency with demand being higher than supply and can be a tool for poverty reduction (Koney, 2004). Attractive plumage and value as a table bird with game-type flavor and higher meat to bone ratio of guinea fowl has led to its worldwide acceptance (Embury, 2001). They are widely consumed by a large number of Nigerians because of the meat and egg which possess distinct flavor and taste (Ayeni and Ayanda; 1982).
Guinea fowl production is associated with small holder farmers in Africa and is described as ”poor man‟s pheasant” (Smith, 2000). It has ambiguitous distribution in Africa where it has distinct popularity among small holder farmers (Nwagu and Alawa 1995). This specie of poultry is kept for various purposes depending on the society. Like chicken, guinea fowls are a source of protein (Embury, 2001). Other advantages of rearing guinea fowl include; low production cost, greater capacity to utilize green feeds, control of ticks and other pests and better ability to protect itself against predators and fewer requirements for labour and management (Sayila, 2009). However, egg production is seasonal in guinea fowls (Ogwuegbu et al., 1988). Sonaiya and Swan (2004) also reported that guinea fowls are seasonal breeders, laying eggs only during rainy season, under free range conditions. This is because successful poultry species instinctively lay and incubate their eggs at a time of the year when newly hatched chicks will have a better supply of high protein and energy food provided by the environment. Saina et al. (2005) reported 5±1 months breeding season in Zimbabwe, Southern Africa.
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