DEFORESTATION CAUSES, EFFECTS AND CONTROL STRTEGIES
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the studies
Nigeria is naturally endowed with vast expanse of forest land, the swamp forests in the extreme Southern part of the country, the tropical rain forest in the South- western axis and the wooded savannah in the middle belt. Nigeria ranks among the countries of the world with abundant forest resources. Mfon, et al (2014) said forests in Nigeria occupied about 110, 890km2 of the country total land mass of about 910,770km2 in other words, forests is about 012.18% of vegetation cover of the country. Park (1992), has stated that at least 60 percent of all known species of plant, about 90 percent of all the world’s non-human primates such as monkeys, about 40 percent of all the birds of prey and about 80 percent of all the insects live in the tropical rain forests of the world. In other words forest provides us a wide variety of ecosystem services, including provisioning regulating, cultural, and supportive services. These ecosystem services not only deliver the basic material needs for survival, but also underlie other aspects of well being, including health, security good social relations and freedom of choice. In the past, timber production was regarded as the dominant function of forests. However, in recent years this perception has shifted to a more multi functional and balanced view. Today, it is understood that forest biodiversity underpins a wide ranges of goods and services for human well being. Ecologically intact forests stores and purify drinking water, they can mitigate natural disasters such as drought and floods, they help store carbon and regulate the climate, they provide food and produce rainfall, and they provide a vast array of goods for medicinal cultural and spiritual purposes (CBD, 2009). Similarly, most Nigerians have always depended on the forest for their survival, economic development, as well as environmental amelioration. The level of community nutrition is sometimes linked to fuel wood availability and cost, others depended directly on forest for their livelihood; among them are a high number of forest and wood worker ( Aliyu et al, 2014) This is a part from contributing substantially to the National Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In spite of its importance, the natural forest has continued to diminish rapidly in the world especially in Africa continent and particularly in Nigeria. According to EFC, (2010), the world continues to lose some 15 million hectares of forests every year. Deforestation over the period 1980 to 1990 reached 8.2% of total forest area in Asia, 6.1% in Latin America and 4.8% in African. Most modern deforestation takes place in developing countries, particularly in tropical areas. Deforestation and forest degradation directly threaten as many as 400million people including 50million forest indigenous people who depend on forest for subsistence in sub-Sahara Africa (EFC, 2010). Deforestation estimates for some. African countries have been given by Lanly (1983). For example, the of forest depletion in Cote divoire and Nigeria is estimated as high as 5 to 6% per year while Ochanda and Epp (1982) stated that in Kenya the indigenous forest now covers only 1.9% of the land area and remote sensing have shown that about 16% of the forest is being lost in each ten year period.
MarcosHar says
tadalafil 40: http://tadalafilonline20.com/ tadalafil 60 mg for sale
Wesleycoums says
tadalafil tablets buy tadalafil
tadalafil tablets
MichaelFuLly says
prescription drugs without a doctor usa pharmacy india
Randynat says
buying prescription drugs from canada purchase tadalafil
MichaelFuLly says
usa pharmacy india prescription drugs online without doctor
Randynat says
usa pharmacy india: https://genericwdp.com/ buying prescription drugs from canada
MichaelFuLly says
india pharmacy drugs medications without a doctor’s prescription
MichaelFuLly says
medications without a doctor’s prescription: https://genericwdp.com/ drugs without doctor script
Jeffreydrups says
best over the counter viagra buying viagra online
viagra 100mg price
Waynenem says
viagra cost per pill best place to buy viagra online
online doctor prescription for viagra
Jeffreydrups says
buying viagra online over the counter viagra
buy generic 100mg viagra online
Waynenem says
viagra 100mg price viagra over the counter walmart
cheap viagra online
Jeffreydrups says
where to buy viagra online viagra 100mg price
mexican viagra
Waynenem says
п»їviagra pills how much is viagra
viagra amazon
Jeffreydrups says
п»їviagra pills where to buy viagra
best over the counter viagra
Waynenem says
buy generic 100mg viagra online best place to buy generic viagra online
best place to buy viagra online
Jeffreydrups says
viagra discount best place to buy viagra online
п»їviagra pills
Waynenem says
100mg viagra cost of viagra
order viagra online
Jeffreydrups says
viagra without a doctor prescription viagra over the counter walmart
viagra without a doctor prescription
StanleyPaf says
buy diflucan yeast infection diflucan pill over the counter
RicardoFaw says
order aralen online aralen phosphate
online medications
StanleyPaf says
valtrex over the counter uk valtrex online pharmacy
RicardoFaw says
finasteride 1mg propecia witout prescription
best ed pills
ThomasRog says
buy viagra online canada https://viagrapills100.com/ price of viagra
ThomasRog says
viagra over the counter https://viagrapills100.com/ viagra without a doctor prescription usa
RicardoFaw says
cheap viagra online https://viagrapills100.com/ viagra cost
ThomasRog says
when will viagra be generic https://viagrapills100.com/ п»їviagra pills
RicardoFaw says
viagra discount https://viagrapills100.com/ over the counter viagra
Elmerwheme says
cheap ed pills usa order ed pills
order ed pills
Marvinvield says
ed pills without a doctor prescription cheap ed pills usa
ed vacuum pumps
Elmerwheme says
buy ed pills cheap ed pills from india
cheap ed pills from canada
Marvinvield says
order ed pills cheap ed pills
cheap ed pills usa
JasonMox says
http://zithromaxst.com/# zithromax 500 mg
Marvinvield says
neurontin prescription coupon: cheap neurontin – gabapentin medication
JasonMox says
http://zithromaxst.com/# zithromax over the counter
Marvinvield says
plaquenil osteoarthritis: buy hydroxychloroquine online – hydroxychloroquine 300
JasonMox says
http://gabapentinst.com/# neurontin tablets uk
Marvinvield says
buy plaquenil online: buy hydroxychloroquine – hydroxychloroquine sulfate 300 mg
Marvinvield says
where to buy prednisone uk: buy prednisone online – generic prednisone cost
ScottFoumE says
https://zithromaxproff.com/# zithromax cost uk
zithromax prescription
VictorSag says
https://zithromaxproff.com/# zithromax 250mg
zithromax online paypal
ScottFoumE says
http://zithromaxproff.com/# buy zithromax 1000mg online
zithromax 500 without prescription
VictorSag says
https://zithromaxproff.com/# buy cheap generic zithromax
zithromax 500 mg lowest price pharmacy online
ScottFoumE says
http://zithromaxproff.com/# zithromax drug
zithromax purchase online
ScottFoumE says
chloromycetin price: fucidin tablets
buy keftab generic
Frankdah says
п»їorder chloramphenicol online: order cephalexin online
generic cipro
ScottFoumE says
cleocin tablets: generic omnicef
keftab capsules
Frankdah says
ampicillin tablets: buy fucidin
chloramphenicol tablets
ScottFoumE says
generic minomycin: erythromycin capsules
generic minomycin
StevenGooto says
best india pharmacy: cheap online pharmacies from india meds from india
CharlesLaurl says
order prescription drugs from india: reputable online pharmacies in india india pharmacy
StevenGooto says
usa pharmacy india: best india pharmacy united pharmacy india
StevenGooto says
united pharmacy india: ordering medicine from india online medications from india
BillyCax says
top erectile dysfunction pills: levitra pills pills for erectile dysfunction
AlfredHut says
erectile pills canada: order erectile dysfunction pills online ed pills
BillyCax says
male erectile pills: ed pills for sale viagra pills
BillyCax says
generic viagra pills: top erectile dysfunction pills order erectile dysfunction pills online
JamesDar says
online viagra prescription viagra no prescription buy viagra without prescription
HarryVat says
viagra price viagra prescription viagra without a doctor prescription usa
JamesDar says
how much will generic viagra cost viagra online no prescription viagra without a doctor prescription canada
HarryVat says
viagra cost non prescription viagra viagra without prescription
Stevennah says
dating websites
best free dating site for serious relationships
JamesDar says
https://doxycyclinest.com/# doxycycline without prescription
RobertoRug says
http://doxycyclinest.com/# doxycycline generic