THE ROLES OF GIS ON THE SPATIAL PATTERN

THE ROLES OF GIS ON THE SPATIAL PATTERN OF DISTRIBUTION OF EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of Study
Events, assets and facilities are all location bound. For centuries, maps have been the major source for depicting land related information. The management of resources for sustainable development has spurred new ways and technology for planning and development. Geographic Information System, a
computerized tool that consists of (computerized) map, a database of descriptive information (attributes), and a set of software that performs complex spatial operations, is one of the new technologies available for management of resources. Using GIS, management and allocation of resources through the effective use of shared data can provide a better service through efficient and effective decision-making. The inclusion of photographs, video and sound can improve the GIS performance turning it to a more realistic tool for spatial analysis. Education is the bedrock of the development of any nation;it is one of the most important factors in Nigeria’s quest to become one of the largest economies by the year 2020. However, with the recent state of education in Nigeria, measures need to be taken to overhaul the system in order for it to serve as a reliable and efficient vehicle for the attainment of the vision. Primary education is a program of public education followed immediately by secondary or college schooling. It begins generally at the age of six and continues for five to six years. According to Encarta (2009) public school is an elementary or secondary school controlled and maintained by civil authority, acting through official board expending public money, and open to all local children. Public schools include grade or grammar schools, junior and senior high school, and vocational schools. Private school is program of instruction that is created and controlled, operated, and principally financed by private individuals and groups rather than by government. Unlike public elementary and secondary schools, which are free, nearly all private schools charge some form of tuition. Many definitions exist for GIS; some of these definitions seem to restrict GIS to a particular application. Meanwhile, Worboys, (1995), defines Geographic Information System (GIS) as “a computer-based information system that enables capture, modeling, manipulation, retrieval, analysis and presentation of geographically referenced data”.

First, GIS are related to other database applications, but with an important deference – information is linked to a spatial reference. Other databases may contain locational information (such as street addresses, codes etc.), but a GIS database uses geo-references as the primary means of storing and accessing information

Second, GIS integrates technology. Whereas other technologies might be used only to analyze aerial photographs and satellite images, to create statistical
models, or to dra maps, these capabilities are all oered together in GIS.

Third, GIS, with its array of functions, should be viewed as a process rather than as merely soware
or hardware GIS for making decisions. The way in which
data is entered, stored, and analyzed within a GIS must determine way information will be used for a specific research or decision making task. To see GIS as merely soware or hardware system is to miss the crucial role it can play in a comprehensive decision making process. This project intends to establish the importance of GIS in accurate decision making for the eective management of educational facilities. GIS for the management of educational facilities in public primary schools in Uvwie local government area of Delta state Nigeria is studied. It is demonstrated in this paper that GIS is a very important tool in the management of educational facilities. This project is highly significant in Nigeria and many other third world countries where management of educational facilities are done manually and therefore slow and inaccurate. A GIS database for public primary schools in Uvwie and environs will be of great importance to the state government as well as the cooperation of all Nigerians, non- governmental organization and
private sector in achieving objectives of education.
It is extremely important to access the facilities through the use of a GIS database. With this database there is a potential to improve eiciency of schools through the planning and management of resources and the display of geographic knowledge. Analysis from the database can be carried out in several significant ways.
A GIS database created can assist the present government in proper distribution of schools, improve the existing infrastructure and provide additional infrastructure for planning and management of educational resources. The research will enable us to know the spatial and temporal distribution of public primary schools in the study area. In the last part of this project are some recommendations and conclusion.

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