TABLE OF CONTENT
CONTENTS PAGE
Title Page – – – – – – – – i
Certification – – – – – – – ii
Dedication – – – – – – – – iii
Acknowledgements – – – – – – iv
Abstract – – – – – – – v
Table of Contents – – – – – – – vi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Aim and Objectives of the Study
1.2.1 Aim
1.2.2 Objectives
1.3 Scope and Limitation
1.4 Significance of the study
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Botanical classification of Carrot
2.3 Pharmacological Properties of Carrot
2.4 Nutritional value of Carrot
2.5 Carrot juice and Nutritional Value
2.6 Antioxidant Enzymes/Biological Role
2.6.1 Catalase
2.6.2 Glutathione Peroxidase
2.6.3 Superoxidase dismutase
2.7 Alloxan/Mechanism of action
2.7.1 Biological Effect of Alloxan
CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 Materials
3.2 Methods
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Result
4.2 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Recommendation
References
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Small amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as hydroxyl radicals (HO), superoxide anions () and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are constantly generated in aerobic organisms in response to both external and internal stimuli (Lee et al.,2000). Low levels of ROS may be indispensable in a plethora of processes, including intracellular messaging – leading among others to proliferation of apoptosis, immunity and defense against micro – organisms. In contrast, high doses and/or inadequate removal of ROS results in oxidative stress, which may cause severe metabolic malfunctions and damage to biological macromolecules (Lledias et al., 1998).