CHAPTER ONE
1.1. BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
International trade deals with the economic and financial interdependence among nations. International trade is a part of our daily life, which plays a vital role in shaping economic and social performance and prospects of countries around the world, especially those of developing countries. No country has grown without trade. However, the contribution of international trade to the development of commerce and industry in Nigeria depends a great deal on the context in which it works and the objectives it serves.
International trade is the exchange of capital goods and services across borders or territories. Through international trade countries supply the world economy with the commodities that they produce relatively cheaply and demand from the world economy the goods that are made relatively cheaper elsewhere. The positive effects of international trade on the development of commerce and industry in Nigeria were first pointed out by Smith (1776). This idea prevailed until World War II, although with relative hibernation during the Marginalist Revolution”. Economic theories have argued that countries engage in international trade to reap the gains that arise from specialized production with each country concentrating on producing those goods and services that involve the least opportunity cost.
Industrial growth is the increase in the amount of the goods and services produced by economy overtime, it can also be said to refer to growth of potential output, that is, production. It is measured as the percent rate of increase in real GDP. Various literatures on international trade recognize trade as a catalyst for economic growth. To act as an engine of economic growth, trade must lead to steady improvements in human conditions by expanding the range of people’s choice, a notion that the concept of human development tries to capture. For developing countries, contribution of trade to the development of commerce and industry in Nigeria is immense owing largely to the obvious fact that most of the essential element for growth of such as capital goods, raw materials and technical know-how, are almost actively imported because of inadequate domestic supply. Foreign exchange has to be earned through exports to be able to pay for imports. To enhance exports, improved technology must be acquired, and this in turn further pushes up demand for imports. Prolonged pressures on the balance of payments constitute constraints to the development of commerce and industry and thus, appropriate policy measures have to be put in place to streamline international trade to conform to desired goal of economic growth.