PRODUCTION OF HIGH QUALITY LIQUID AIR REFRESHER. A RESEARCH PROJECT TOPIC ON CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
ABSTRACT
A project was carried out to produce high quality liquid air refreshner for domestic uses. The project was carried out using the following apparatus. Beakers (250ML), one conical flask, hydrometer, thermometer, two – 5ml of measuring cylinders, one reactor (plastic reactor), stirrer, weighing balance.
The chemicals used in the production of liquid air refreshner are: Amyl alcohol, ethanol, acetone, benzyl acetate, vitus vinyera (grape root extract), citranol (lemon grass extract), sodium benzoate, sodium lauryl sulphate, naphthalene, phenol and water as solvent.
Different sequence of addition of the chemicals was investigated and two correct sequence development. They are: Filtrate + Amyl Alcohol + Benzyl acetate + Acetone + Water + Sodium Benzoate + SLS + Naphthalene + Phenol. And Filtrate + Amyl alcohol + Water + Sodium Benzoate + Benzyl acetate + Phenol + Acetone + SLS + Naphthalene.
The effectiveness of the liquid air refreshner were tested using micro-organisms. From the result obtained, formation B gave phenol coefficient of 7.86 which was slightly above the standard phenol coefficient of odour control which is 7.74. Formulation A gave exactly 7.14 as the phenol coefficient which conforms with the standard phenol coefficient of odour control material costing as well as economics costing was equally carried out.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
In the wake of early arts of advent of civilization efforts were made to prevent putrefaction and decaying of consumable food products. Many people suffer from all sorts of diseases as a result of air pollution and un-kept environment.
The use of disinfectants and air fresheners (deodorant) proceeded the scientific understanding of their action and seems to have arisen from the observation that certain substances stopped the putrefaction of meat or rotting of wood and even control of pollution.
The term deodorant (Air freshener) was first used by Pringle in 1950 to describe substance that prevent awful smell or odour from the environment. The idea was eventually applied to the treatment of odours from a piggery arenas. However, it was not until the nineteenth century that “Air freshener” came into general use.
The corner-stone of modern air fresheners was land by the end of the last century. By then the growing coal-tar industry was already producing phenol, phenolsulphonate, pyrethrin, cresol, creosote fractions and it was found that efficient deodorant could be made by using the ethyl or isopropyl alcohol.
In 1903, a third type of deodorant made its appearance, a coloured oil fluid (light blue) deodorant made by moral which was an emulsions of high aromatic chemicals. The fluid contained about 30 – 40% of phenols. A part from their much higher germicidal coefficients they were miscible in sea or very hard water without breakdown or loss in germicidal efficiency for this reason, they were largely indented for by the ‘Royal Navy’ in preference to other deodorizers.
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