XMIEDEREDE
Mbunuche nchqcha a bx inyochq mmetxta usoro nkuzi mgbado xkwx n’qrx n’ihe nnweta n’ule xmxakwxkwq siniq sekqnd[r[ n’qmxmx edemede Igbo n’Okpuru Qch[ch[ Nsxka. O bukwuaz[ n’obi [mata ka jenda na mpaghara ebe xlqakwxkwq d[, na ka mmekqr[ta usoro nkuzi na jenda na usoro nkuzi na ebe xlqakwxkwq d[ si emetxta xmxakwxkwq n’qmxmx edemede Igbo. Ajxjx nchqcha ise na xmaokwu ise bx ihe duziri nchqcha a. Xd[ nchqcha ‘non-randomized control-group, pretest, posttest quasi-experimental design’ ka e ji mee ya. Xmxakwxkwq SSII d[ nar[ atq na anq (304), bx nd[ na-agx akwxkwq n’xlqakwxkwwq nd[ nwoke na nd[ nwaany[ na-agxkq qnx ka e seere maka nchqcha a. E ji usoro nsere ‘purposive’ sere xlqakwxkwq abxq d[ n’obodo mepere emepe ma jiri usoro nsere nhatanha (randomization) sere xlqakwxkwq abxq n’[me iri abxq nd[ d[ n’ime obodo. Usoro nsere nhatanha ka a gbasoro wee nweta klaas[ abxq abxq n’xlqakwxkwq anq nd[ a, ma jirikwa otu usoro ahx nweta nd[ otu ‘experiment’ n and[ otu ‘control’. Ngwa nchqcha bx nnwale ajxjx edemede asxsx Igbo (NAEAI) ka nd[ qkachamara mmadx atq n’amxmamx Asxsx n’Edukeshqn na Mahadum ala Naijir[a d[ na Nsxka nyochara. A nwalekwara ya n’isi xmxakwxkwq iri abxq sitere na Community Secondary School, Enugu-Ezike. E ji ‘Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance’ (W) nweta mkpebi maka maak[ xmxakwxkwq ahx nwetara. Ngwa nchqcha gosiri ntxkwas[obi n’ogo 0.842. E jiz[ ngwa nchqcha ahx nye nd[ e ji mee nchqcha nnwale mmalite na nnwale mmechi, na ngwxcha izuxka anq e mere nchqcha. Ihe e nwetara na nnwale nd[ a ka e ji zaa ajxjx nchqcha ma nwalee xmaokwu. Miin na nd[px n’izugbe ka e ji txchaa ajxjx nchqcha ma jiri ‘analysis of covariance’ (ANCOVA) nwalee xmaokwu n’ogo akara mpxtara nd[miiche 0.05. Isi ihe a chqpxtara bx na usoro nkuzi mgbado xkwx n’qrx nwere mmetxta pxtara ihe n’ihe nnweta n’ule xmxakwxkwq n’qmxmx edemede Igbo, mana jenda na mpaghara ebe xlqakwxkwq d[ enwegh[ mmetxta pxtara ihe n’ihe nnweta n’ule xmxakwxkwq n’qmxmx edemede Igbo. Site n’ihe a chqpxtara, alo a txrx gxnyere nd[ a: ka nd[ na-akuzi asxsx Igbo n’xlqakwxkwq sekqnd[r[ na-eji usoro nkuzi mgbado xkwx n’qrx wee na-akuzi edemede Igbo, ka iji usoro nkuzi mgbado xkwx n’qrx akuzi ihe soro n’ihe a na-akuzi nd[ a na-azxpxta maka nkuzi asxsx Igbo, na ka nd[ nhazi kqr[kulum tinye usoro nkuzi a maka nkuzi asxsx Igbo, oge ha ga-ahazighar[ kqr[kulum nd[ sekqnd[r[; tinyekwara [chqpxta ihe nd[ qzq e nwere ike iji usoro nkuzi a wee kuzie. A rxtxkwara aka na nsogbu xfqdx a gabigara oge a na-eme nchqcha a na kwa ebe nd[ qzq e nwere ike imekwu nchqcha.
ISI NKE MBX
MKPQLITE
Ntqala Nchqcha
Otu ihe pxtara ihe mmadx nwere nke q gagh[ ewezuganwu na ndx ya bx asxsx, niihi na asxsx bx ihe na-eweta mmekqr[ta n’etiti mmadx na ibe ya. Mmekqr[ta a na-apxtakar[ ihe na mkpar[taxka na-ad[ n’etiti nd[ ji asxsx arx qrx. Nke a ka Robin (2013) ji kqwaa asxsx d[ka ukwu qd[mara nke nd[ mmadx ji akpar[taxka ma na-ezipxta echiche ha n’xd[ ekwurunqqnx mabx edereede. Mgbodile (1999) n’echiche nke ya kqwara na asxsx bx akqrqngwa kachas[ d[ mkpa na ndx mmadx maka ibiko qnx, iche echiche, ime omume na [txlekqr[ta uche. Echiche Anukam (1999) yitekwara nke Mgbodile niihi na q kqwara na asxsx na-enyere mmadx aka [rx qrx d[ iche iche d[ka izikqr[ta ozi, inwe mmekqr[ta, [mx ihe, ichekwaba ihe na kwa iji mee ka omenaala nd[ bxrx nke na-esi n’otu qgbq fere n’qzq.
Asxsx mere ka mmadx d[ iche n’etiti xmxanxmanx nd[ qzq. Iji kwado nke a, Farinde (2005) na Azikiwe (2007) mere ka a mata na asxsx bx otu ihe njirimara mere ka mmadx d[ elu kar[a xmx obere anxmanx nd[ qzq. Q bx eziokwu na xmxanxmanx nd[ qzq nwere ike izir[ta onwe ha ozi n’xd[ imeghar[ ahx ha n’xzq d[ iche iche, mana usoro nzikqr[ta ozi ha ahx etozugh[ [kpq asxsx niihi na o nweghi njirimara asxsx d[ka ito eto na [mxba amxba. Q bx njirimara asxsx nd[ a ka Anagbogu, Mba na Eme (2002) jiri kqwaa na asxsx bx xzq mmadx na-esite n’xda olemaole mebe okwu nd[ e nweghi ike [gxta qnx; bx nke anx nd[ qzq enweghi ike ime n’usoro nzikqr[ta ozi nke ha. Ihe nke a na-egosi bx na asxsx bx nke mmadx.
N’agbanyegh[ na mmadx dum nq n’xwa ji asxsx arx qrx, agbxrx qbxla nwere asxsx ha na-asx. Asxsx Igbo bx asxsx nd[ Igbo, bx nd[ bi n’qwxwa anyanwx Naijir[a na-asx. Steeti nd[ e ji asxsx Igbo mara gxnyere Enugwu, Anambra, Imo, Ab[a na Ebqny[. Ezema (2011) kqwara na ihe kar[r[ pasenti iri asatq (80) bx nd[ bi na Rivers Steeti na kwa pasenti iri anq (40) na Delta Steeti na-asx Igbo. Mpaghara xfqdx na Cross River, Edo, Kogi, Akwa-Ibom na Bayelsa Steeti na-asxkwa asxsx Igbo. Niihi nke a ka Ohiri-Aniche (2008) jiri kwuo na nd[ na-asx Igbo na Naijir[a kar[r[ nde mmadx iri abxq (20 million). Williamson na Blench (2000) na Ezema (2011) gara n’ihu mee ka a mata na Igbo so n’asxsx atq nke nd[ na-asx ha kacha baa xba n’qnxqgx n’ala Naijir[a. Ikekwa, nke a so n’ihe kpatara gqvxment[ etiti Naijir[a jiri kwado ka asxsx Igbo soro n’asxsx ala Naijir[a atq (Hausa, Igbo na Yoruba) a hqtara a ga na-amx n’xlq akwxkwq. Ihe butere [hqrq asxsx ahqqrq bx na agbxrx na asxsx e nwere na Naijir[a bara xba, ma q gagh[ ad[ mfe itinye ha dum n’ihe a na-amx n’xlqakwxkwq. Kaosila d[, qmxmx xfodx asxsx obodo a n’xlqakwxkwq d[ mkpa maka agbxrx d[ iche iche a [ghqta onwe ha. Q bx nke a ka iwu na-ach[kwa mmxta n’ala Naijir[a (National Policy on Education NPE, 2004) jiri s[ na “Gqvxment[ nabatara uru asxsx bara d[ka xzq isi kwalite mmekqr[ta mmadx na ibe ya, nkwudosiike nke ala any[ na kwa xzq isi chekwaba omenaala. Ya mere, nwatak[r[ qbxla ga-amx asxsx a na-asx na gburugburu ya. N’[ga n’ihu, maka [d[ n’otu ala any[, a txrx anya na nwatak[r[ qbxla ga-amxkwuaz[ otu n’ime asxsx ala Naijir[a atq: Hausa, Igbo na Yoruba (p.10).” Etu a ka asxsx Igbo siri soro n’asxsx ala Naijir[a nd[ a na-amx n’xlqakwxkwq malite n’ogo mmxta qtaakara. Q bxgh[ naan[ nke a, asxsx Igbo bxkwuaz[ otu n’asxsx nd[ ahx bx iwu na nwa amaala Naijir[a ga-amxr[r[ ma lee ya n’ule ngxcha akwxkwq sekqnd[r[ bx ‘Senior School Certificate Examination (SSCE)’. Qmxmx na ule n’asxsx Igbo nwere ngalaba atq gxnyere omenaala, agxmagx na xtqasxsx. Omenaala d[ka Nwadike (2008) siri kqwaa ya bx ka nd[ si eme na be ha, nke metxtara asxsx, nka, okpukpere, usoro alxmalx, nkwenye na nhxrxxwa nd[. Nd[ Igbo nwere omenaala ha, bx nke na-ezipxta usoro obibi ndx ha. N’aka nke qzq, Akwanya (1999) hxtara agxmagx d[ka qrx nka nke odee na-esite na ya egosi echiche ya maqbx ihe bx eziokwu gbasatara xd[d[ ihe, mkpqrqmiihe na usoro obibi ndx nd[ mmadx na gburugburu ha. Agxmagx nwere ike [d[ n’xd[ ejije, abx maqbx iduuaz[. Xtqasxsx n’akxkx nke ya bx ihe qmxmx na-akqwa xd[ na ole xda asxsx nwere, tinyere iwu na usoro mmebe okwu na ah[r[okwu n’asxsx. Echiche Ikekonwu, Ezikeojiaku, Ubani na Ugoji (1999:44) dabara na nkqwa nke a d[ n’elu niihi na ha kqwara xtqasxsx d[ka iwu na-ach[kwa ndqkq, nkqwa, njikwa, mkpqpxta na nghqta mkpxrxokwu na ndokwa ha n’ebe ha dabara n’usoro nd[ nwe asxsx ahx si eji asxsx ha eme ihe. Q bx n’xtqasxsx ka a na-akuzi nka asxsx anq bx nka ogige, nka okwukwu, nka qgxgx na nka odide. Nka ogige na nka qgxgx bx nka nnabata ebe nka okwukwu na nka odide bx nka mmepxta. Ma d[ka asxsx Igbo bx asxsx epum/aranne n’ebe qtxtx xmxaka nd[ na-amx asxsx Igbo na mpaghara ebe a na-eme nchqcha a nq, imirikiti n’ime ha na-enweta nka ogige na nka okwukwu n’xlq tupu ha ab[a n’xlqakwxkwq. Nka qgxgx na nka odide na-abxkar[ n’xlqakwxkwq ka ha na-anq enweta ha. Kaosila d[, ebe qrx a gbadoro xkwx bx na nka odide.
Ide ihe bx xzq mmadx na-esi n’xzq qd[mara asxsx nabatara egosi mmetxta na echiche ya n’ebe qgxx nq. Q bxkwa nka a na-enweta n’xlqakwxkwq site n’[mx ka e si ede ihe.Turk na Kirkman (1991) kwadoro nke a wee kwuo na nka odide bx nka mmadx na-enweta site n’omume (practice). Nke a na-egosi na q bxgh[ nka a na-enweta site n’ige onye nkuzi nt[, d[ka e nwere ike ime na nnweta nka ogige na nka okwukwu. Q bx ya ka Azikiwe (2007) jiri kwuo na nka odide bx nka asxsx kachas[ sie ike. Ihe Azikiwe jiri kwuo nke a bx na nka a hiwere isi na mmadx iche echiche, hazie echiche ya ma were nka na usoro odide asxsx ahx nabatara dee ya n’xzq d[ mma. Ike ide ihe bx otu qkpxrxkpx ihe na-ebute nd[iche n’etiti nd[ gxrx akwxkwq na nd[ agxgh[. Q bxkwa otu xzq pxtara ihe e si achqpxta ihe xmxakwxkwq ma, na kwa xzq isi nwalee ha n’ule. Nke a na-egosi na nnweta nka odide ga-enyere xmxakwxkwq aka n’izipxta echiche ha n’xzq doro anya. Q bxkwanx ya mere e ji akuzi nka odide ruo n’xlqakwxkwq d[ elu. Xzq pxtawagara ihe e si akuzi nka odide n’ogo mmxta sekqnd[r[ txmad[ sekqnd[r[ ukwu bx site n’edemede.
Edemede d[ka Nwadike (1993) siri kqwaa ya bx edereede nke na-gosipxta xzq mmadx siri were asxsx kwara ngwaqrx iji kqwapxta ihe o bu n’uche nke qma.