OBSTACLE TO EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICIES IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA

OBSTACLE TO EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICIES IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA

ABSTRACT

Policy making and Implementation is one issue that cannot be over emphasized because of the important role it plays I the life of any organization wishing to survive and to grow in the face of changing world. Based on the need for organizations to achieve their objectives, the researcher decided to conduct research study on the obstacles to effective Implementation of policies in the local government system in Nigeria with a particular reference to Orlu LGA, Imo state. It has been observed that policy Implementation is one of the major problems confronting Nigeria since inception. Public policies therefore plays crucial role in the state and are equally instrumental to the develop or underdevelopment of any given state. Whereas, there has been no lack of public policies since independence in Nigeria the paradox of public policy Implementation has continued to militate and mar the realization of policy objectives in the country. The reason being that most policies in Nigeria either terminates prematurely only at the formulation stages or simply mal-implemented to benefit a few individuals, or a section of the society. However, poor policy Implementation is believed by some analysts to be the bane of development in Nigeria. The paper therefore, seeks to highlight the need for proper and effective policy Implementation while identifying some impediments to be tackled of Nigeria is to ensure that policies, particularly those relating to institutional or organizational development are effectively and timely implemented. These impediments include among others; corruption, ethnicity bad leadership, political instability, low public service structures. The paper posits some sustainable development measures, such as effective use of political will, eschewing social vices (like ethnicity, favoritism nepotism and mediocrity), continuity of policies between government, eradication of corruption etc.

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
It has been observed that policy implementation is one of major problems confronting local government in Nigeria and organizations within. According to Adamolekun (1983), policy implementation refers to the activities that are carried out in the light of establishing policies. It refers to the process of converting financial, material, technical, and human inputs into outputs-goods and services (Egonwun, 1991). Edward (1980) defines Policy Implementation as a stage of policy making between the establishment of a policy (such as the passage of a legislative act, the issuing of an executive order, or the promulgation of a regulatory rule) and the consequences of the policy for the people whom it affects it also involves a wide Varity of actions such as issuing and enforcing directives, disbursing funds, making loans, assigning and hiring personnel, etc.
Implementation problem occurs when the desired result on the target beneficiaries is not achieved. Such problem is not restricted to only the developing nations. Wherever and whenever the basic critical factors that are very crucial to Implementation of public policies are missing, whether in developing or developed nations, there is bound to be Implementation
Problems. These critical factors are communication resources, dispositions or attitudes, and bureaucratic structure (Edwards, 1980). The four factors operate simultaneously and the interact with each other to aid or hinder policy Implementation. By Implication therefore, the Implementation
Of every policy is a dynamic process, which involves the interaction of many variables as would be discussed below.

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OBSTACLE TO EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICIES IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA