CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Participation of employee describes the involvement of employee in decision making which is concerned with shared decision making in the work situation [Mitchell, 1973]. [Locke & Schweiger, 1979] defines employee participation as a joint decision making between managers and subordinates. According to [Noah, 2008] it is a special form of delegation in which the subordinate gain greater control, freedom of choice with respect to bridging the communication gap between the management and workers. It refers to the degree of employee involvement in organization’s strategic planning activities. A company can have deep or shallow employee participation in decision making [Barringer & Bleudorn, 1999]. The employee participation in the planning process leads to potential innovation, which may facilitates opportunity and recognition in the organization [Zivkovic et al, 2009]. Managers provide opportunities for participation of subordinates in decision making on the basis of their merits as it has been proved by researchers to have improved organizational performance [Witte, 1980; Sagie & Aycon, 2003]
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