CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Bioinformatics is the science of storing, extracting, organizing, analyzing, interpreting and utilizing information from biological sequences and molecules (Khalid, 2010). Bioinformatics is often defined as the application of computational techniques to understand and organize the information associated with biological macro-molecules (Luscombe et al., 2001). It has been mainly fueled by advances in DNA sequencing and mapping techniques (Khalid, 2010). Over the past few decades, rapid developments in genomic, other molecular research technologies and information technologies have combined to produce a tremendous amount of information related to molecular biology. The primary goal of bioinformatics is to increase the understanding of biological processes (Khalid, 2010).As biology is increasingly becoming a technology-driven science, databases have become indispensable to store not only data, but also the results of experiments generated by different research projects around the world (Hey et al., 2009). A biological database is a collection of information, or data from a biological system, stored in a computer readable format. Some databases are also called data repositories if they function as a place where large biological datasets can be stored and retrieved by users. Sharing of data between scientists accelerates the speed of discoveries and has the potential to greatly advance a scientific field as a whole (this is known as the Fourth Paradigm of Data-Driven Scientific Discovery (Hey et al., 2009). There are two types of biological databases: public databases that are freely accessible on-line, and private databases that require payment before you can access them (Dutilh and Keșmir, 2016).
The genome of a species encodes genes and other functional elements, interspersed with non-functional nucleotides in a single uninterrupted string of DNA (IHGSC, 2001).
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