ABSTRACT
The analysis for the heavy metal concentration in two soil samples (dumpsite and control) were carried out using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The results for the analysis were as follows; Soil sample: Zinc: 17.6545±0.049 mg/kg, Copper: 14.5364±0.0364 mg/kg, Chromium: 12.513±0.043 mg/kg, Lead: 7.6405±0.043 mg/kg, Nickel 4.8755±0.0028 mg/kg and Cadmium 3.3735±0.1648 mg/kg and Control Sample: Zinc: 4.915±0.7156 mg/kg, Copper 7.4495±2.1215 mg/kg, Chromium: 4.3545±0.0728 mg/kg, Lead 2.346±0.0099 kg, Nickel: 1.782±0.0028 mg/kg and Cadmium 1.1255±0.007 mg/kg. The concentration of the heavy metals in the soil sample were below the WHO standard apart from cadmium which was well above the set limit by WHO. An indication that the dumpsite is polluted with respect to cadmium and as such should not be used as farmland for vegetation cultivation.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CONTENTS PAGE
Title Page – – – – – – – – i
Certification – – – – – – – ii
Dedication – – – – – – – – iii
Acknowledgements – – – – – – iv
Abstract – – – – – – – – v
Table of Contents – – – – – – – vi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION – – – 1
- Background of the Study – – – – – 1
- Aim and Objectives of the Study – – – 4
- Scope and Limitation of the Study – – – 5
- Definition of terms – – – – – – 5
CHAPTER TWO:LITERATURE REVIEW – – 6
- Sources of Heavy Metals in the Soil – – – 6
- Fertilizers – – – – – – – 7
- Pesticides – – – – – – – 8
- Waste Water – – – – – – 9
- Metal Mining and Milling – – – – 10
- Air – borne Sources – – – – – 12
- Heavy metal and their toxicity effect – – – 13
- Cadmium – – – – – – – 13
- Chromium – – – – – – – 16
- Lead – – – – – – – – 19
- Nickel – – – – – – – 22
- Copper – – – – – – – 24
CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHOD – 27
- Materials – – – – – – – 27
- Sample Collection and Preparation – – – 27
- Determination of Mineral Element – – – 28
- Digestion of Sample – – – – – 28
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION – 29
- Results – – – – – – – 29
- Discussion – – – – – – – 30
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS – – – – – 36
- Conclusion – – – – – – – 36
- Recommendations – – – – – – 37
References
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Waste is any undesirable item resembling trash/garbage or things not regarded as valuable by the owner. For instance municipal solid wastes are unwanted items originating from municipalities in the form of solid (Suleiman et al., 2018). Generally, litters/garbage along the streets of major cities is increasing daily due to urbanization and population sprawl across towns and cities in Nigeria. Records have shown that the daily per capital waste generated in Nigeria is between 0.65 – 0.95 kg with an estimate of about 42 million tons of water yearly out of which 52% are organic and only 20% – 30% are collected and managed (Ike et al., 2018). Rukwe et al., 2012). In most cases, the wastes are indiscriminately disposed of and the net impact results is obstruction of drainages and pollution to water bodies due to lack of effective and efficient waste management program in towns and cities (Adeniran et al., 2017).