IN- VITRO GAS FERMENTATION PATTERN OF MAIZE STRAW WITH CASSAVA PEEL BASED SUPPLEMENT
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to investigate the in vitro gas fermentation pattern using maize straw with cassava peels based supplement fed to WAD goats. The goats were fed in six different treatments, with (treatment 1: maize straw +10%cassava peels concentrate without oil drench, treatment 2:maize straw +25%cassava peels concentrate with oil, treatment 3:maize straw + 50% cassava peels without oil, treatment 4:maize straw+25% cassava peels concentrate without oil, treatment 5:maize straw+50%cassava peels concentrate without oil and treatment 6:maize straw +10%cassava peels concentrate with oil). Maize straw and cassava peels were later dried and milled for chemical analysis and in vitro gas fermentation study. Chemical analysis of maize straw and cassava peels show that cassava peels concentrate produced higher crude protein content than maize straw. The NDF values for maize straw and cassava peels was 55% and 33% while the ADF values were 31.5% and 16% respectively. In vitro gas studies show that treatments with oil did not show significant difference (P>0.05) to treatments without oil in terms of gas production as shown in treatment 3 with oil and treatment 5 without oil. Gas volume was significantly higher (P>0.05) in treatment 2 with oil compare to treatment 4 without oil. Value for methane production varied from 0.33ml to 4ml for treatments with oil and 2ml to 4.33ml for treatment without oil.DMD was highest in treatment 5 and lowest in treatment 6.This result show that oil had significant effect (P<0.05) on gas production using maize straw supplemented at low levels (0-25%) with cassava peels based concentrate as fed suggesting that oil did significantly reduce the rate of methanogenesis in terms of methane reduction at low level of supplementation with cassava peels.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
Title Page——–ii
Abstract——–iii
Acknowledgement——-iv
Certification——–v
Dedication——–vi
Table of Contents——-vii
List of Tables——–ix
List of Plates——–x
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION——-1
1.1 Objective – ——3
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW——4
2.1History of in vitro Gas production—-4
2.2Factors affecting Gas production —-6
2.2.1Effect of Venting Gas during the Incubation—6
2.2.2Effect of Changes in atmospheric pressure —6
2.2.3Effect of agitation of medium—- 7
2.2.4Effect of sample size and preparation —8
2.2.5Effect of inoculums——- 8
2.2.6Effect of inoculums concentration and sampling time -9
2.2.7Effect of inoculums preparation —10
2.2.8Use of blanks ——-10
2.2.9 Effect of medium composition—–11
2.2.10Effect of apparatus——12
2.3 Methanogenesis——-13
2.4Maize straw ——-13
2.5Cassava peel supplement —–14
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHODS —- -13
3.1The Experimental Site —–15
3.2Source of Feed Ingredients—–15
3.3Experimental Diets ——16
3.4Management of Experimental Animals—16
3.5Feeding procedure—— 17
3.5.1Composition of Supplement —- – 18
3.6Filling of bags into incubation bags —-18
3.6.1Collection of Rumen liquor—–18
3.6.2Preparation of inoculum—–19
3.6.3 Methane gas production —–21
3.7Chemical analysis ——21
3.7.1Moisture content determination —-22
3.7.2Ash Determination ——22
3.7.3Crude Protein Determination —-22
3.8Cell wall determination—-243.8.1 Neutral detergent fibre determination —-24
3.8.2 Acid detergent fibre determination —– 25
3.9 Statistical analysis——25
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS——–26
4.1 Chemical composition of Maize straw and cassava peels supplement 26
4.2 In vitro gas characteristics of maize straw and cassava peels
Supplement with or without oil drench— 26
4.3 Post in vitro gas fermentation of maize straw and cassava peels- 29
CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION ——-31
5.1 Chemical Composition of maize straw and cassava peels-31
5.2 In vitro gas production at different hours of incubation for maize
straw and cassava peels —–31
5.3 Post in vitro gas fermentation of maize straw and cassava peels
Supplement——-32
CHAPTER SIX
CONCLUSION——-34
REFERENCES——-35
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